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Anaphy Cutie > Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Primitive name: encephalon

A

Brain

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2
Q

Largest and most complex mass of nervous tissue in the body

A

Brain

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3
Q

Brain 4 major regions:

A

a. Cerebral hemisphere
b. Diencephalon
c. Brainstem
d. Cerebellum

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4
Q

Aka “big brain”

A

Cerebral Hemisphere

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5
Q

Cerebrum

Largest part of the brain

Each hemisphere represents the contralateral side of the body

A

Cerebral Hemisphere

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6
Q

Left hemisphere Characteristics:
(Dominant)

A

M- math analysis
A- analytical
L- logical thinking
L- language

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7
Q

Right hemisphere Characteristics:
(Non-dominant)

A

M- memory & music
I- insights
C- creativity
A- arts

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8
Q

Membranous connective tissue that encloses the brain & Spinal cord

A

Meninges

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9
Q

➢Outermost covering
➢Strongest/ toughest layer
➢Aka “pachymeninx”

A

DURA MATER

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10
Q

➢Middle layer
➢Aka “leptomeninx”

A

ARACHNOID MATER

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11
Q

➢Innermost layer
➢Aka “leptomeninx

A

PIA MATER

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12
Q

➢Rounded elevations/ ridges
➢Convolutions
➢Increases surface area of the brain

A

GYRUS

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13
Q

➢Depression/ grooves
➢Deeper fissure

A

SULCUS

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14
Q

Separates the right & left cerebral hemisphere

A

MEDIAN LONGITUDINAL FISSURE

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15
Q

➢Aka “Rolandic Fissure”
➢Separates the frontal & parietal lobes

A

CENTRAL SULCUS OF ROLANDO

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16
Q

Separates temporal lobe from the other lobes of the cerebrum

A

LATERAL SYLVIAN FISSURE

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17
Q

➢Superficial layer
➢Aka “Cerebral Cortex”
➢It consists of nerve cells embedded in neuroglia
➢Associated with processing & cognition

A

GRAY MATTER

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18
Q

➢Deep layer of the cerebrum
➢Aka “cerebral medulla”
➢It consists of myelinated axons & neuroglia
that connects gray matter areas of the cerebrum

A

WHITE MATTER

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19
Q

Connects the corresponding regions of the 2 cerebral hemisphere

Ex: Corpus Callosum

A

COMMISSURAL FIBER

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20
Q

Connects various cortical regions within the same hemisphere

Ex: Arcuate Fasciculus

A

ASSOCIATED FIBER

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21
Q

Connects the cerebral cortex with the lower portion of the brain & SC

A

PROJECTION FIBER

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22
Q

Largest lobe

Fxns:
a. Motor fxn
b. Personality & behavior
c. “seat of intelligence”

A

FRONTAL LOBE

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23
Q

Fxns:
a. Pain
b. Temperature
c. Touch
d. Pressure

A

PARIETAL LOBE

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24
Q

Smallest lobe
Fxns:
a. Vision

A

OCCIPITAL LOBE

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25
Q

Fxns:
a) Hearing
b) Smelling
c) Memory

A

TEMPORAL LOBE

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26
Q

➢Aka “Precentral Gyrus”
➢Responsible for the execution of motor function on the contralateral side of the body
➢Lesion: Flaccidity

A

BA 4: PRIMARY MOTOR AREA
(BRODMANN’S AREA)

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27
Q

➢Aka “Secondary Motor Area”;
“Motor Association Area”

➢Fxns:
1. Motor planning
2. Initiation of movement
3. Coordination

➢Lesion:
1. Spasticity on the contralateral side
2. Incoordination on the contralateral side
3. Tremor on the contralateral side
4. Akinesia on the contralateral side

A

BA 6: PREMOTOR AREA

28
Q

Fxn: Conjugate eye movements
Lesion: frontal gaze pattern

A

BA 8: Frontal Eye Field

29
Q

Fxns:
1. “Seat of intelligence”
2. Personality & behavior

Lesion: changes in personality & behavior

A

BA 9,10,11,12: Prefrontal Areas

30
Q

➢Associated with praxis of speech
➢Motor speech area
➢Lesion: Boca’s aphasia

A

BA 44, 45: BROCA’S AREA

31
Q

➢Aka “Post-central Gyrus”
➢Fxns:
1. Receives all general sensation
2. Localization & sensory perception
➢Lesion: Hemianesthesia/ Anesthesia

A

BA 3,1,2: PRIMARY SENSORY AREA

32
Q

➢Aka “Somesthetic Area”; “Sensory Association Area”

➢Fxns: Interprets sensation perceived by BA 3,1,2 except for pain & temperature

A

BA 5,7: SECONDARY SENSORY

33
Q

Fxns:
1. Naming
2. Reading
3. Writing
4. Mathematical ability
5. Right & left orientation

Lesion:
1. Anomia
2. Gerstmann Syndrome

A

BA 39: ANGULAR GYRUS

34
Q

Fxns:
1. Tactile perception
2. Language perception

Lesion:
1. Tactile agnosia
2. Ideomotor apraxia

A

BA 40: SUPRAMARGINAL GYRUS

35
Q

Taste area
Lesion: Aguesia

A

BA 43: GUSTATORY AREA

36
Q

Aka “Striate Cortex”
Fxn: vision
Lesion:
1. Homonymous hemianopsia
(unilateral lesion)
2. Cortical blindness (bilateral
lesion)

A

BA 17: PRIMARY VISUAL AREA

37
Q

Aka “Visual Association Area”;
“Parastriate Cortex”
Fxn: Interprets images perceived by BA 17
Lesion:
1. Visual agnosia
2. Color agnosia
3. Dyschromatopsia
4. Alexia without agraphia

A

BA 18, 19: SECONDARY VISUAL
AREA

38
Q

Aka “Heschl’s Gyrus”
Fxn: hearing
Lesion:
1. Contralateral deafness (unilateral
lesion)
2. Cortical deafness (bilateral lesion)

A

BA 41, 42: PRIMARY AUDITORY AREAS

39
Q

Fxns: interprets sound other than language
Lesion: Auditory Agnosia

A

RIGHT BA 22: AUDITORY ASSOCIATION AREA

40
Q

Fxn: interprets language
Lesion: Wernicke’s Aphasia

A

LEFT BA 22: WERNICKE’S AREA

41
Q

Representation of human body based on a neurological map

A

Homunculus

42
Q

several “islands” of gray matter buried deep within the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres

Fxns:
a. Smoothens motor performance
b. Initiation of movement
c. Modulation of movement & motor coordination

A

Basal Nuclei

43
Q

Aka “Interbrain”
Major structures:
a. Thalamus
b. Hypothalamus
c. Epithalamus
d. Subthalamus

A

Diencephalon

44
Q

Sensory relay station & integration center of the brain

Fxns:
a) Influences the activity of the motor cortex
b) Relays common sensations to consciousness
c) Visual sensation
d) Hearing sensation

A

THALAMUS

45
Q

Fxns:
a) Regulate body temperature
b) Regulates pituitary gland
c) Regulates ANS
d) Hunger center
e) Thirst center
f) Satiety center
g) Circadian rhythm
h) Emotion
i) Sexual desire

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

46
Q

Center for integration of olfactory, somatic, & visceral afferent pathways

A

EPITHALAMUS:
Habenular Nucleus

47
Q

Produces melatonin
➢It promotes sleep
➢Bodies biological clock
➢Circadian rhythm

A

EPITHALAMUS:
Pineal gland

48
Q

Brainstem 3 subdivisions:

A

a) Midbrain
b) Pons
c) Medulla oblongata

49
Q

➢Roof of the midbrain
➢(+) Corpora Quadrigemina
a. Superior Colliculi (2)

b. Inferior Colliculi (2)

A

TECTUM

50
Q

Visual reflex

A

Superior Colliculi (2)

51
Q

Auditory reflex

A

Inferior Colliculi (2)

52
Q

“little feet of the cerebrum”

Convey ascending and descending impulses

A

CEREBRAL PEDUNCLE

53
Q

➢Connects midbrain & medulla oblongata
➢Means “bridge”
➢Fxns:
a) Primary respiratory center
b) Vasomotor center
c) Consciousness
➢(+) reticular activating system
➢Responsible for arousal/ consciousness

A

Pons

54
Q

➢area where the important pyramidal
tracts (motor fibers) cross over to the
opposite side
➢Fxns:
a) Primary respiratory center
b) Vasomotor center
c) Vagal center
d) Emetic center
e) Coughing, yawning, & sneezing reflex

A

Medulla Oblongata

55
Q

➢Aka “little brain”
➢Ipsilateral representation
➢Subdivisions:
a) Paleocerebellum

A

Cerebellum

56
Q

➢ Aka “Anterior lobe”
➢ Spinocerebellum
➢ Posture & muscle tone

A

Paleocerebellum

57
Q

➢ Oldest lobe
➢ Aka “floculonodular lobe”
➢ Vestibulocerebellum
➢ balance

A

Archicerebellum

58
Q

➢ Largest & newest
➢ Aka “posterior lobe”
➢ Fine movement & coordination

A

Neocerebellum

59
Q

➢Cylindrical mass of neural tissue, occupying the upper 2/3 of vertebral canal
➢Starts: at the level of foramen magnum
➢Ends: L1L2 vertebrae
➢Normal diameter= 1-1.5 cm
➢Normal length= 42-45 cm
➢Segments:
a. Cervical= 8
b. Thoracic= 12
c. Lumbar= 5
d. Sacral= 5
e. Coccygeal= 1

A

Spinal Cord

60
Q

Conical inferior end

Spinal integration center for micturition/urination/ voiding

A

CONUS MEDULLARIS

61
Q

Filament extending from the conus & attaches to 1st segment of the coccyx

Made with pia mater

A

FILUM TERMINALE

62
Q

Horsetail composed of rootlets of lumbosacral plexus

A

CAUDA EQUINA

63
Q

➢Butterfly-shaped internal part
➢Aka “horn”
➢surrounds the central canal of the cord
➢dorsal and ventral roots fuse to form the spinal nerves

A

GRAY MATTER

64
Q

➢composed of myelinated fiber tracts
➢Outer portion
➢Divided into three regions:
a) Dorsal Column

 b) Lateral Column
 c) Ventral Column
A

WHITE MATTER

65
Q

Ascending tract only

A

Dorsal Column

66
Q

Ascending & descending tract

A

Lateral Column

67
Q

Ascending & descending tract

A

Ventral Column

Anaphy Cutie (10 decks)

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