Cardiovascular System

Question 1

• Cone shaped/ Inverted pyramid/ blunted cone
• Small, same size as a closed fist
• Rest: Diaphragm
• Location: Mediastinum
• 2/3 mass of the heart points to the LEFT body’s midline

Answer 1

Heart

Question 2

• Broad portion
• Orientation: posterior, superior, point
towards right
• Approximately at the level of 2nd-3rd rib

Answer 2

Base

Question 3

• Pointed end
• Orientation: anterior, inferior, point towards left
• Approximately at the level of 5th rib

Answer 3

Apex

Question 4

• Fibrous connective tissue that encloses the heart
• Aka “pericardial sac”
• Fxn: protects the heart from trauma and infection

Answer 4

Pericardium

Question 5

Pericardium two layers:

Answer 5

1. Fibrous pericardium
2. Serous pericardium

Question 6

✓Prevents overstretching of the heart
✓Anchors the heart to the mediastinum

Answer 6

Fibrous pericardium

Question 7

✓Visceral Serous pericardium
✓Parietal serous pericardium

Answer 7

Serous pericardium

Question 8

• Decreases friction in the heart
• Normal= 50 mL
✓Decrease= (+) pericardial friction rub
✓Increase= (+) cardiac tamponade
• Location:
✓Between visceral & parietal serous pericardium

Answer 8

Pericardial Fluid

Question 9

Surfaces of the Heart:

Answer 9

a) Anterior surface
b) Posterior surface
c) Inferior surface