Muscular

Question 1

A body tissue that functions for
contraction or shortening.

Answer 1

Muscle

Question 2

are responsible for essentially all body movement.

Answer 2

Muscles

Question 3

is also a dominant tissue in the heart and in the walls of other hollow organs of the body.

Answer 3

Muscle

Question 4

In all its forms, it makes up nearly half of the body’s mass.

Answer 4

Muscle

Question 5

Muscle Fnxs:

Answer 5

1. Producing movement
2. Maintaining Posture
3. Respiration
4. Generating heat
5. Communication
6. Constriction of organs and vessels
7. Contraction of the heart

Question 6

voluntary muscles attached to bones.

Answer 6

Skeletal muscles

Question 7

They are made up of single, very long and cylindrical cells with very obvious striations.

Answer 7

Skeletal muscles

Question 8

Locomotion, facial expressions, posture, respiratory functions, speech, and other body
movements are due to skeletal muscle contraction.

Answer 8

Skeletal muscles

Question 9

involuntary muscles found only in the walls
of the heart.

Answer 9

Cardiac muscles

Question 10

They are made up of branching chains of cells with striations.

Answer 10

Cardiac muscles

Question 11

Its contractions provide the major force for moving blood through the circulatory system.

Answer 11

Cardiac muscles

Question 12

involuntary muscles widely distributed in the
body such as in the walls of
hollow visceral organs, stomach,
intestines, uterus, blood vessels,
ducts of glands, and respiratory
passages.

Answer 12

Smooth muscles

Question 13

They are made up of cells with no striations.

Answer 13

Smooth muscles

Question 14

is the ability of muscle to shorten forcefully, or
contract

Answer 14

Contractility

Question 15

is the capacity of the muscle to respond to an electrical stimulus

Answer 15

Excitability

Question 16

a muscle can be stretched beyond its normal
resting length and still be able to contract

Answer 16

Extensibility

Question 17

is the ability of muscle
to spring back to its original resting length after it has been stretched.

Answer 17

Elasticity

Question 18

individual muscle cell (with a length range
from 1 to 40 mm) that contains multiple nuclei and other organelles.

Answer 18

Muscle fiber or myocyte

Question 19

bundle of parallel skeletal muscle fibers.

Answer 19

Fascicles

Question 20

layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscles and groups of muscles.

These outer layer keep the muscles separate from surrounding tissues and organs.

Answer 20

Muscle fascia

Question 21

forms a connective tissue sheath that surrounds each skeletal muscle.

Its protein fibers gradually merge with the muscular fascia.

Answer 21

Epimysium

Question 22

connective tissue sheath that surrounds fascicles, subdividing each whole muscle into numerous bundles of muscle fibers.

Answer 22

Perimysium

Question 23

delicate layer of connective tissue that separates the individual muscle fibers within each fascicle.

It serves as passageways for
nerve fibers and blood vessels that supply each separate muscle fiber.

Answer 23

Endomysium

Question 24

is the plasma membrane of muscle fibers

Answer 24

Sarcolemma

Question 25

are tube-like inward folds of the sarcolemma.

Answer 25

Transverse tubules or T tubules

Question 26

At regular intervals along the muscled fiber, the sarcolemma forms_______by projecting and extending into the interior of the muscle fiber.

Answer 26

T tubules

Question 27

______carry electrical impulses into the center of the muscle fiber so that every contractile unit of the muscle fiber contracts in unison

Answer 27

T tubules

Question 28

highly specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle fibers that stores high levels of calcium.

Answer 28

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 29

enlarged portions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. T tubules lie next to it.

Answer 29

Terminal cisternae

Question 30

formed by two terminal cisternae and their associated T tubule.

Answer 30

Triad

Question 31

bundle of parallel protein filaments running the length of the muscle fiber. Hundreds to thousands of cylindrical myofibrils occupy most of the muscle cell’s volume.

Answer 31

Myofibril

Question 32

structural and functional unit of the myofibril. It is the smallest portion of a muscle that can contract. The myofibril is divided into hundreds or thousands of ________

Answer 32

Sarcomere

Question 33

individual thick and thin filaments that make up a myofibril. The interaction of these_______are the basis of muscle contraction.

Answer 33

Myofilaments

Question 34

a thin filament of two entwined strands of proteins that makes up the sarcomere.

Answer 34

Actin

Question 35

a long fibrous protein that lies in the groove along the fibrous actin strand.

Answer 35

Tropomyosin

Question 36

In a relaxed muscle, _______ is covering the active sites of the actin where thick myosin filament binds. A muscle cannot contract until it moves to uncover the active sites.

Answer 36

tropomyosin

Question 37

is attached to tropomyosin and lies within the groove between actin filaments in the muscle tissue.

Answer 37

Troponin

Question 38

a thick filament of protein that also makes up the sarcomere.

Answer 38

Myosin

Question 39

bind and pull on the actin filaments, causing actin to slide in between each myosin set, therefore shortening the entire contractile unit. When this process is duplicated across many sarcomere units, the entire muscle or group of muscles is enabled to contract, consequently causing a desired movement.

Answer 39

Myosin heads

Question 40

made up of a motor neuron synapsed to the muscle fibers. The motor neurons carry action potentials or electrical signals which stimulate muscles to contract.

Answer 40

Motor unit

Question 41

is the point of contact of motor neuron axon branches with the muscle fiber.

Answer 41

Neuromuscular junction or synapse

Question 42

the neurotransmitter that stimulates the skeletal muscle fibers to contract.

Answer 42

Acetylcholine

Question 43

type of contractions where a muscle does not shorten. This type of contraction increases the tension in the muscle, but the length of the muscle stays the same.

Answer 43

Isometric contractions

Question 44

type of contractions where the muscle shortens. This type of contraction increases the tension in the muscle and the length of the muscle decreases.

Answer 44

Isotonic contractions

Question 45

isotonic contractions in which tension in the muscle is great enough to overcome the opposing resistance, and the muscle shortens

Answer 45

Concentric contractions

Question 46

isotonic contractions in which tension is maintained in a muscle, but the opposing resistance is great enough to cause the muscle to increase in length.

Answer 46

Eccentric contractions

Question 47

prime mover muscles that causes a particular movement.

Answer 47

Agonist muscles

Question 48

muscles that oppose or reverse a movement.

Answer 48

Antagonist muscles

Question 49

are specialized synergists.

Answer 49

Fixator muscles

Question 50

have their fascicles arranged in a circle around an opening and act as sphincters to close the opening.

Answer 50

Circular muscles

Question 51

have fascicles that join at one common tendon from a wide area, which creates muscles that are triangular in shape.

Answer 51

Convergent muscles

Question 52

similar with convergent muscles, have fascicles that are organized parallel to the long axis of the muscle, but they terminate on a flat tendon that spans the width of the entire muscle.

Answer 52

Parallel muscles

Question 53

fascicles run the length of the entire muscle and taper at each end to terminate at tendons. These muscles have expanded midsection than the ends.

Answer 53

Fusiform muscles

Question 54

have fascicles that emerge like the barbs on a feather from a common tendon that runs the length of the entire muscle.

Answer 54

Pennate muscles

Question 55

fascicles are on one side of the tendon

Answer 55

Unipennate muscles

Question 56

fascicles arranged on two sides of the tendon

Answer 56

Bipennate muscles

Question 57

fascicles arranged at many places around the central tendon

Answer 57

Multipennate muscles