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Anaphy Cutie > Muscular > Flashcards

Muscular Flashcards

1
Q

A body tissue that functions for
contraction or shortening.

A

Muscle

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2
Q

are responsible for essentially all body movement.

A

Muscles

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3
Q

is also a dominant tissue in the heart and in the walls of other hollow organs of the body.

A

Muscle

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4
Q

In all its forms, it makes up nearly half of the body’s mass.

A

Muscle

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5
Q

Muscle Fnxs:

A
  1. Producing movement
  2. Maintaining Posture
  3. Respiration
  4. Generating heat
  5. Communication
  6. Constriction of organs and vessels
  7. Contraction of the heart
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6
Q

voluntary muscles attached to bones.

A

Skeletal muscles

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7
Q

They are made up of single, very long and cylindrical cells with very obvious striations.

A

Skeletal muscles

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8
Q

Locomotion, facial expressions, posture, respiratory functions, speech, and other body
movements are due to skeletal muscle contraction.

A

Skeletal muscles

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9
Q

involuntary muscles found only in the walls
of the heart.

A

Cardiac muscles

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10
Q

They are made up of branching chains of cells with striations.

A

Cardiac muscles

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11
Q

Its contractions provide the major force for moving blood through the circulatory system.

A

Cardiac muscles

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12
Q

involuntary muscles widely distributed in the
body such as in the walls of
hollow visceral organs, stomach,
intestines, uterus, blood vessels,
ducts of glands, and respiratory
passages.

A

Smooth muscles

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13
Q

They are made up of cells with no striations.

A

Smooth muscles

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14
Q

is the ability of muscle to shorten forcefully, or
contract

A

Contractility

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15
Q

is the capacity of the muscle to respond to an electrical stimulus

A

Excitability

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16
Q

a muscle can be stretched beyond its normal
resting length and still be able to contract

A

Extensibility

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17
Q

is the ability of muscle
to spring back to its original resting length after it has been stretched.

A

Elasticity

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18
Q

individual muscle cell (with a length range
from 1 to 40 mm) that contains multiple nuclei and other organelles.

A

Muscle fiber or myocyte

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19
Q

bundle of parallel skeletal muscle fibers.

A

Fascicles

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20
Q

layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscles and groups of muscles.

These outer layer keep the muscles separate from surrounding tissues and organs.

A

Muscle fascia

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21
Q

forms a connective tissue sheath that surrounds each skeletal muscle.

Its protein fibers gradually merge with the muscular fascia.

A

Epimysium

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22
Q

connective tissue sheath that surrounds fascicles, subdividing each whole muscle into numerous bundles of muscle fibers.

A

Perimysium

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23
Q

delicate layer of connective tissue that separates the individual muscle fibers within each fascicle.

It serves as passageways for
nerve fibers and blood vessels that supply each separate muscle fiber.

A

Endomysium

24
Q

is the plasma membrane of muscle fibers

A

Sarcolemma

25
Q

are tube-like inward folds of the sarcolemma.

A

Transverse tubules or T tubules

26
Q

At regular intervals along the muscled fiber, the sarcolemma forms_______by projecting and extending into the interior of the muscle fiber.

A

T tubules

27
Q

______carry electrical impulses into the
center of the muscle fiber so that every contractile unit of the muscle fiber contracts in unison

A

T tubules

28
Q

highly specialized smooth endoplasmic
reticulum in skeletal muscle fibers that stores high levels of calcium.

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

29
Q

enlarged portions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

T tubules lie next to it.

A

Terminal cisternae

30
Q

formed by two terminal cisternae and their associated T tubule.

A

Triad

31
Q

bundle of parallel protein filaments running the length of the muscle fiber.

Hundreds to thousands of cylindrical myofibrils occupy most of the muscle cell’s volume.

A

Myofibril

32
Q

structural and functional unit of the myofibril. It is the smallest portion of a muscle that can contract.

The myofibril is divided into hundreds or thousands of ________

A

Sarcomere

33
Q

individual thick and thin filaments that make up a myofibril.

The interaction of these_______are the basis of muscle contraction.

A

Myofilaments

34
Q

a thin filament of two entwined strands of proteins that makes up the sarcomere.

A

Actin

35
Q

a long fibrous protein that lies in the groove along the fibrous actin strand.

A

Tropomyosin

36
Q

In a relaxed muscle, _______ is
covering the active sites of the actin where thick myosin filament binds.

A muscle cannot contract until it moves to uncover the active sites.

A

tropomyosin

37
Q

is attached to tropomyosin and lies within the groove between actin filaments in the muscle tissue.

A

Troponin

38
Q

a thick filament of protein that also makes up the sarcomere.

A

Myosin

39
Q

bind and pull on the actin filaments, causing actin to slide in between each myosin set, therefore shortening the entire
contractile unit.

When this process is duplicated across many
sarcomere units, the entire muscle or group of muscles is enabled to contract, consequently causing a desired movement.

A

Myosin heads

40
Q

made up of a motor neuron synapsed to the muscle fibers.

The motor neurons carry action potentials or electrical signals which stimulate muscles to contract.

A

Motor unit

41
Q

is the point of contact of motor neuron axon branches with the muscle fiber.

A

Neuromuscular junction or synapse

42
Q

the neurotransmitter that stimulates the skeletal muscle fibers to contract.

A

Acetylcholine

43
Q

type of contractions where a muscle does
not shorten.

This type of contraction increases the tension in the muscle, but the length of the muscle stays the same.

A

Isometric contractions

44
Q

type of contractions where the muscle
shortens.

This type of contraction increases the tension in the muscle and the length of the muscle decreases.

A

Isotonic contractions

45
Q

isotonic contractions in which tension in
the muscle is great enough to overcome the opposing resistance, and the muscle shortens

A

Concentric contractions

46
Q

isotonic contractions in which tension is
maintained in a muscle, but the opposing resistance is great enough to cause the muscle to increase in length.

A

Eccentric contractions

47
Q

prime mover muscles that causes a particular
movement.

A

Agonist muscles

48
Q

muscles that oppose or reverse a movement.

A

Antagonist muscles

49
Q

are specialized synergists.

A

Fixator muscles

50
Q

have their fascicles arranged in a circle around an opening and act as sphincters to close the opening.

A

Circular muscles

51
Q

have fascicles that join at one common tendon from a wide area, which creates muscles that are triangular in shape.

A

Convergent muscles

52
Q

similar with convergent muscles, have fascicles that are organized parallel to the long axis of the muscle, but they terminate on a flat tendon that spans the width of the entire muscle.

A

Parallel muscles

53
Q

fascicles run the length of the entire muscle and taper at each end to terminate at tendons.

These muscles have expanded midsection than the ends.

A

Fusiform muscles

54
Q

have fascicles that emerge like the barbs on a
feather from a common tendon that runs the length of the entire muscle.

A

Pennate muscles

55
Q

fascicles are on one side of the tendon

A

Unipennate muscles

56
Q

fascicles arranged on two sides of the tendon

A

Bipennate muscles

57
Q

fascicles arranged at many places around the central tendon

A

Multipennate muscles

Anaphy Cutie (10 decks)

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