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LBBBIO8 > nervous system > Flashcards

nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two main divisions of nervous system

A

central and peripheral

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2
Q

functions of the brain

A

receives and process sensory information, initiates responses, stores memories, generates thoughts and emotions

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3
Q

functions of spinal cord

A

conducts signals to and from the brain, controls reflex activites

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4
Q

what controls reflex activites

A

spinal cord

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5
Q

what are the components of central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

what are the two different neurons under peripheral nervous system

A

motor (efferent) and sensory (afferent)

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7
Q

differentiate motor and sensory neurons

A

sensory - transmit electrical impulses from sensory organs to cns

motor - transmit electrical impulses from cns to impactor organs

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8
Q

what are the two regulators of motor neurons

A

somatic and autonomic

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9
Q

somatic vs autonomic

A

somatic - voluntary movements
autonomic - involuntary responses

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10
Q

what are the divisions of autnomic nervous system and their differences

A

sympathetic - fight or flight
parasympathetic - rest or digest

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11
Q

what are the 3 divisions of the brain

A

forebrain - prosencephalon
midbrain - mesencephalon
hindbrain - rhombencephalon

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12
Q

composition of forebrain

A

cerebrum and diencephalon

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13
Q

anterior most part of the forebrain

A

cerebrum or cerebral hemisphere

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14
Q

what is the thinking center of the brain

A

cerebrum or cerebral hemisphere

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15
Q

what forms the olfactory bulb

A

cerebrum

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16
Q

function of diencephalon or thalamus

A

functions in processing sensory
information

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17
Q

club-shaped endocrine gland projecting from the roof of the diencephalon

A

pineal gland

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18
Q

other term for diencephalon or thalamus

A

twist brain

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19
Q

ventral side of the diencephalon is

A

optic nerves

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20
Q

located at the floor of the diencephalon

A

infundibulum

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21
Q

posterior to the infundibulum is the

A

pituitary gland

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22
Q

posterior to the diencephalon is the

A

optic lobes

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23
Q

what do the optic lobes represent

A

midbrain

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24
Q

function of midbrain

A

coordinating
responses to visual inputs

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25
Q

what nerves emerge from the midbrain

A

cranial nerve III - oculomotor nerve
cranial nerve IV - trochlear nerve

26
Q

posterior to the optic lobes is the

A

cerebellum and medulla oblongata

27
Q

components of hindbrain

A

cerebellum and medulla oblongata

28
Q

function of cerebellum

A

functions in balance

29
Q

function of medulla oblongata

A

regulates involuntary visceral functions

30
Q

cranial nerves emerging from medulla oblongata

A

CN V - trigeminal
CN VI - abducens
CN VII - facial
CN VIII - auditory
IX - glossopharyngeal
X - vagus

31
Q

depressed ridge immediately
posterior to the optic lobes

A

cerebellum

32
Q

posterior to the medulla oblongata

A

spinal cord

33
Q

differentiate the two enlargements of the spinal cord

A

brachial enlargement - aggregates of nerve supplying the forelimbs
lumbar enlargement - aggregates of nerve supplying the hindlimbs

34
Q

pointed end of the spinal cord is referred to as the

A

filum terminale

35
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there in a toad

A

10

36
Q

where is filum terminale housed

A

urostyle

37
Q

filum terminale + spinal nerves

A

cauda equina

38
Q

differentiate meninges of the cns

A

pia mater - outermost covering of the spinal cord
dura mater - innermost covering of the spinal cord

39
Q

central canal is lined with what kind of cells

A

ependymal

40
Q

function of ependymal cells

A

secrete the cerebrospinal fluid that fills the central canal

41
Q

differentiate two areas surrounding the central canal

A

gray matter - inner darkly stained, butterfly or H-shaped
white matter - outer, lightly stained area

42
Q

extensions of the inner gray matter

A

dorsolateral extension - dorsal horn/cornua
ventrolateral extension - ventral horn/cornua

43
Q

olfactory nerve: origin, branches and extension, nature of work, function

A

origin - olfactory lobe
branches and extensions - surface wall of the nasal apertures
nature of work - sensory
function - smelling

44
Q

optic nerve: OBNF

A

origin - optic lobe
branches and extensions - retina of the eyeball
nature of work - sensory
function - assist in visioin

45
Q

oculomotor nerve OBNF

A

origin - ventral side of the midbrain
branches and extensions - four muscles of the eyeball
nature of work - motor
function - control the contraction and expansion of eye muscles

46
Q

trochlear nerve OBNF

A

origin - back side of the optic lobe
branches and extensions - oblique muscles of the eyeball
nature of work - motor
function - control the movement of eyeball

47
Q

trigeminal nerve OBNF

A

origin - lateral side of the medulla oblongata
branches and extensions -
1. eyelid, nasal aperture and frontal part of head
2. integument of the lower jaw of the mouth and muscles of the buccal cavity
nature of work - mixed
functions -
1. move muscles of the upper side of the hea
2. control the movement of jaw
3. move the tongue

48
Q

abducens nerve OBNF

A

origin - lateral side of medulla oblongata
branches and extensions - muscle of eyeball
nature of work - motor nerve
function - control movement of eyeball

49
Q

facial nerve OBNF

A

origin: lateral side of medulla oblongata
branches and extension:
1. upper surface of the mouth cavity
2. lower surface of the mouth cavity
nature of work: mixed
function: perceive taste, move muscle of neck, help in chewing

50
Q

auditory nerve OBNF

A

origin: lateral side of medulla oblongata
branches and extension: different parts of inner ear
nature of work: sensory
function: hear and keep balance

51
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve OBNF

A

origin: lateral side of medulla oblongata
branches and extension: posterior part of tongue, muscles of pharynx
nature of work: mixed
function: perceive taste, touch, move tongue

52
Q

vagus nerve OBNF

A

origin: lateral side of medulla oblongata
branches and extension:
1. pharynx and oesophagus
2. lungs
3. stomach
4. heart
nature of work: mixed
function: control the functions of the pharyngeal region, contract lungs, stomach and heart

53
Q

what nerves form the brachial plexus

A

1st - 3rd

54
Q

what forms the lumbo-sacral or sciatic plexus

A

7th - 9th

55
Q

main function of sympathetic trun

A

regulate involuntary functions

56
Q

what is a plexus

A

network of communicating nerves

57
Q

what does brachial plexus innervate

A

arm, neck, shoulder

58
Q

what does the 4th, 5th and 6th nerves innervate

A

dorsal body wall

59
Q

what does the sciatic plexus innervate

A

hindleg

60
Q

cavities of brain

A

ventricles

61
Q

network of fine blood vessels anterior to the pineal gland

A

choroid plexus

LBBBIO8 (8 decks)

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