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LBBBIO8 > Mitosis and animal development > Flashcards

Mitosis and animal development Flashcards

1
Q

What is the genetic material called during interphase

A

chromatin

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2
Q

when does nuclear membrane start to disintegrate or disappear

A

prophase

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3
Q

chromatin fibers start to appear as coiled, thickened, condensed structure called

A

chromosome

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4
Q

chromosome appear at what stage

A

prophase

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5
Q

structures in interphase

A

chromatin, nuclear membrane, centrosome

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6
Q

when are centrioles seen

A

prophase

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7
Q

when are aster seen

A

prophase

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8
Q

when does mitotic spindle form between centrioles

A

prophase

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9
Q

chromosomes are
aligned at the equatorial region

A

metaphase

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10
Q

chromosomes are joined together at their central region called

A

centromere

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11
Q

protein coat called __ is found in each of the sister chromatid

A

kinetochore

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12
Q

spindle fibers are attached at the __ of each chromosome

A

centromere

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13
Q

anaphase is divided into stages depending on the

A

distance travelled by the chromatids

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14
Q

cleavage furrow

A

telophase

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15
Q

structure at telophase

A

nuclear membrane and the
nucleolus start to reappear, chromosome uncoil

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16
Q

when does aster and mitotic spindle disappear

A

telophase

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17
Q

refers to the evolutionary history of the species

A

phylogenetic development

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18
Q

entire life history
of an organism

A

ontogenetic development

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19
Q

refers to the developing young from a fertilized egg to a form that is structurally similar to, but does not yet precisely
resemble, the adult

A

embryo

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20
Q

major stages of development

A

zygote, cleavage, blastulation, gastrulation, neurulation, organogenesis

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21
Q

involves the union of the sperm and egg
nuclei

A

fertilization

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22
Q

This process restores the chromosome number or diploid number of the organism

A

fertilization

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23
Q

what is the embryo called as result of fertilization

A

zygote

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24
Q

where does fertilization occur in frogs

A

externally: moist, damp places

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25
Q

process of transforming the single
celled zygote into a multicellular entity

A

cleavage

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26
Q

This process
involves a series of mitotic division, which transforms
the zygote to several cleavage cells or blastomeres.

A

cleavage

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27
Q

ball of cells formed as result of mitotic divisions during cleavage is called

A

morula

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28
Q

number of __ determines whether it is in early or late stage of cleavage

A

blastomeres

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29
Q

process that involves an internal
secretion of fluid by the blastomeres of the morula

A

blastulation

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30
Q

blastulation results in the formation of a fluid-filled cavity called

A

blastocoel

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31
Q

embryo during blastulation is called

A

blastula

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32
Q

when does endoderm and ectoderm appear

A

blastulation

33
Q

what happens during blastulation

A

internal secretion of fluid by blastomeres, emergence of ectoderm and endoderm

34
Q

outer layer of cells formed during blastulation

A

ectoderm

35
Q

cells surrounding the blastocoel

A

endoderm

36
Q

stage that involves major cell movements and rearrangements
to form the body plan characteristic of a species.

A

gastrulation

37
Q

major cell movements and rearrangements
to form the body plan characteristic of a species is collectively referred to as

A

morphogenetic movements

38
Q

future digestive tract of the embryo

A

gastrocoel or archenteron or primitve gut

39
Q

opening leading to the gastrocoel is called

A

blastopore

40
Q

future function of blastopore in deuterostomes (echinoderms and vertebrates)

A

anal or cloacal opening

41
Q

future function of blastopore in protostomes (nematodes, mollusks, arthropods)

A

mouth

42
Q

organ systems/structures derived from the ectoderm

A

CNS, sense organs, epidermis

43
Q

organ systems/structures derived from the mesoderm

A

heart, muscles, urogenital system, vertebral column, dermis of the skin

44
Q

organ systems/structures derived from the endoderm

A

lining of the intestinal tract, lungs

45
Q

foundation of the organ systems of the animal

A

germ layers

46
Q

formation of different organs

A

organogenesis

47
Q

one of the organ systems that take shape the earliest

A

CNS

48
Q

The central nervous system of vertebrates
develops from a dorsally situated ectodermal thickening called

A

neural plate

49
Q

neural plate invaginates to form

A

neural fold

50
Q

depression formed due to invagination of neural plate

A

neural groove

51
Q

neural groove eventually develops into hollow

A

neural tube

52
Q

process involving the development of
the CNS is called

A

neurulation

53
Q

embryo during neurulation is called

A

neurula

54
Q

embryo gets its nourishment from

A

yolk

55
Q

frog’s egg is ____ type which means it contains moderate amount of yolk

A

mesolecithal

56
Q

how long does transformation of tadpole to an adult frog occur

A

2.5 - 3 months

57
Q

process of transformation of tadpole to adult frog

A

metamorphosis

58
Q

area where the yolky material is
concentrated is the

A

vegetal pole

59
Q

area opposite the vegetal pole is
called the

A

animal pole

60
Q

distribution of yolk in frog is __ type

A

telolecithal

61
Q

smaller blastomeres are called

A

micromeres

62
Q

where are micromeres located

A

animal pole

63
Q

larger blastomeres are called

A

macromeres

64
Q

why are blastomeres larger in the vegetal pole

A

rate of cell division is hampered by the presence of yolk

65
Q

where are macromeres located

A

vegetal pole

66
Q

blastopore is bounded by the

A

dorsal and ventral lip

67
Q

important events during gastrulation

A

laying out of archenteron or gastrocoel, establishment of three germ layers

68
Q

serves as the main axial support of vertebrate
embryos

A

notochord

69
Q

precursor of the brain and spinal cord

A

neural tube

70
Q

cavity immediately below the notochord

A

archenteron or primitive gut

71
Q

mass of cells lateral to the notochord

A

mesoderm

72
Q

mesoderm is divided into segments or __

A

somites

73
Q

most dorsal somite is the

A

epimere

74
Q

where is epimere situated

A

level of notochord

75
Q

middle portion of the mesoderm or somite

A

mesomere

76
Q

origin of the urogenital system (specific)

A

mesomere

77
Q

ventral most portion of the somite or mesoderm is divided into inner __ and outer __

A

splanchnic layer, somatic layer

78
Q

cavity is formed between the splanchnic layer and somatic layer which is the future __

A

coelom or body cavity

LBBBIO8 (8 decks)

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