Histology and organology Flashcards
only type of tissue capable of contraction
muscle
why is muscle tissue capable of contraction
presence proteins: of actin and myosin
which muscle tissues are involuntary?
smooth, cardiac
skeletal muscle is also called
striated muscle
why does skeletal muscle have striations
contractile proteins
shape of skeletal muscle cells
cylindrical
plasma membrane in skeletal muscle is also called
sarcolemma
number of nucleus in skeletal muscle
multiple: multi-nucleated
movement of skeletal muscle
voluntary
function of intercalated disc
help muscle cells have synchronised contraction
cardiac muscles number of nucleus
1: uninucleated
movement of cardiac muscle
involuntary
shape of cell of smooth muscle tissue
spindle-shaped or fusiform
number of nucleus for smooth muscle cell
1: uninucleated
movement of smooth muscle
involuntary
nervous tissue main function
conductivity, receipt, process and transmit info
main components of nerve tissue
neurons, neuroglia
main function of neurons
transmit nerve impulses or electrical impulses
neuroglia is what type of cell
supporting cell
parts of neurons
axon, dendrite, cell body
function of dendrites
receive electrical impulses
part of the neuron that is short and numerous branching processes radiating from the cell body
dendrite
function of cell body
send transmitted electrical impulses to axon
single, thin, long process from the cell body
axon
axons terminate at branching and twig=like endings called
telondendria
location of glial cells
surrounding neurons
prepared slide for nervous tissue
cow nerve smear
type of tissue for epidermis
stratified epithelium
study of different organs
organology
outermost part of epidermis is called
stratum corneum
beneath stratum corneum
stratum germinativum
outer layer of dermis
stratum spongiosum or stratum laxum
spongy dermis composition
loosely
arranged connective tissue fibers and abundant blood vessels
black pigment cells are seen in the junction of this layer with the stratum
germinativum
melanophores
inner layer of dermis
stratum compactum
composition of compact dermis
white fibrous
connective tissue running parallel to the surface of the skin
Underneath the dermis is a connecting layer made up of loose connective
tissue and adipose that anchors the skin to the tissue beneath
hypodermis
folds in the inner wall which projects into the cavity/ lumen of the
organ
rugae
layers of tissue in frog stomach and small intestine (deepest first)
tunica mucosa, submucosa, tunic muscularis, subserosa, serosa
layer of frog stomach thrown into folds onto the lumen
tunica mucosa
tunica mucosa composition
simple columnar epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa
composition of tunica mucosa that is a connective tissue layer containing glands and
blood vessels
lamina propria
composition of tunica mucosa that is a thin layer of smooth muscle
muscularis mucosa
layer beneath the mucosa is made of connective tissues
containing glands, blood vessels and nerves
submucosa
thick layer of circular and longitudinal smooth
muscles
tunica muscularis
outermost layer loose connective tissue covered by a layer
of mesothelium
serosa
layers of artery/vein (outermost first)
tunica externa/tunica adentitia, tunica media, tunica intima
internal layer which include the lining epithelium
of the vessel and a layer of elastic tissue in wavy appearance.
tunica intima
which has thicker tunica media
artery
intermediate layer made of smooth muscle,
collagenous and elastic fibers, and connective tissue cells
tunica media
external layer in which the elements
include external elastic membrane, collagenous and elastic fibers, blood
vessels, and loose connective tissue.
tunica externa/adventitia
two regions of spinal cord
white matter, gray matter
composition of gray matter
nerve cells, neuroglia, naked fibers, and
blood vessels
composition of white matter
composed of nerve fibers
cavity in the center of spinal cord
central canal
columnar cells surrounding the central canal of spinal cord
ependymal cells
A thin sheath of connective tissue is seen adhering to the cord
pia matter
membrane in contact
with the braincase.
dura matter
where does cartilage rely for nourishment
simple diffusion
characteristic of cartilage
no nerves or blood vessels
predominant fiber in matrix of hyaline cartilage
collagen fibers
cell of cartilage is called
chondrocyte
hyaline cartilage is surrounded by a dense connective tissue capsule called
perichondrium
type of cartilage found in nose, larynx, trachea and bronchi
hyaline cartilage
types of cartilage
hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
elastic cartilage is similar to hyaline except for the __
numerous fine elastic
fibers in its matrix
type of cartilage
found in the external ear, epiglottis, larynx, and in the walls of the
auditory tube
elastic
type of cartilage that has irregular, dense bundles of collagen fibers
fibrocartilage
bone cell is called
osteocyte
characteristic of bone
rich in blood vessels and nerves
Haversian system/osteon parts
haversion canal, interstitial lamellae, lacuna, canaliculi
- central canal of an osteon
haversian canal
concentrically arranged collagen bundles around
the Haversian canal
interstitial lamellae
cavities found along the border of each lamellae
lacuna
s fine lines or canals that radiate from the lacunae.
canaliculi
Location of simple squamous epithelium
Xs lung
Location of simple squamous epithelium
Xs lung
Location of simple cuboidal
Thyroid follicles
Location of simple columnar
Intestine
Location of transitional squamous
Xs human urinary bladder
main component of connective tissues
extracellular matrix
extracellular mix in connective tissue is composed of
protein fibers, amorphous ground substance and tissue fluid
This tissue is
composed of a great deal of ground substance.
loose connective tissue
three types of protein fibers in loose connective tissue
collagen, elastic, reticular
protein fiber for strength and flexibility
collagenous
protein fiber for stretching and snapping back to original length
elastic
protein fiber to join connective tissue to adjacent tissue
reticular
cells in connective tissue used to secrete protein of extracellular fibers
fibroblasts
protein fibers in connective tissue used for immune sstem
macrophages
tendon vs ligament
tendon - muscle to bone
ligament - bone to bone
source of dense connective tissue
tendon
predominant fibers in dense connective tissue
collagen
other term for rbc
ertythrocytes
other term for wbc
leucocytes
types of leucocytes
granulocytes, agranulocytes
types of granulocytes and differentiate
neutrophils - nucleus has 3 or more lobes
eosinophils - bilobed nucleus
basophils - U or J-shaped nucleus
types of agranulocytes
lymphocytes - small round cells with indented nucleus
monocytes - larger than lymphocytes with round and eccentric nuclei
other term of platelet
thrombocyte
platelets are fragments of a large bone marrow cell called
megakaryocyte
