nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

what does cerebrospinal do

A

protects and absorbs, supplies nutrients, and removes waste

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2
Q

what are neurologia cells of the cns and 4 types

A

goal cells that protect neurons and make up half up of the nervous system )ependymal, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia)

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3
Q

what cells help form the myelin sheath that surround axons

A

oligodenfrocytes

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4
Q

what cells remove cellular debris and pathogens

A

microglia

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5
Q

what are the 2 types of neuroglia of the pns

A

satellite cells and schwann cells

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6
Q

what cells form enclosed segments of axons

A

schwann cells

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7
Q

describe the stimulus

A

an electrical signal to which an organism response

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8
Q

describe dendrites

A

The first part of the neuron to receive the stimulus or electrical signal

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9
Q

describe the cell body

A

The spherical spot of the neuron which contains the nucleus and organelles

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10
Q

describe the axon

A

it carries the message away from the cell body towards the terminal end fibers

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11
Q

myelin sheath

A

The fatty tissue is surrounds an insulator the axon. It speeds up the transmission of the impulse

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12
Q

terminal and fibers or axon terminals

A

they found the end of an axon and contain the vesicles

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13
Q

Neuro transmitters

A

Chemical substances released by neurons to affect the membrane potential of another

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14
Q

synapse

A

The space between each neuron

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15
Q

five types of neurotransmitters

A

dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and morphine

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16
Q

what are the two main divisions of the nervous system and what do they consist of

A

Central nervous system: consists of the brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system: consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves

17
Q

why is a CNS neuron not usually replaced after it is injured

A

most neurons lacks centrioles and cannot divide

18
Q

what are efferent nerves

A

Carry messages from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands

19
Q

what are afferent nerves

A

Carrie messages from all parts of the body to the brain and spinal cord

20
Q

what is the autonomic nervous system? What are two divisions of the autonomic nervous system? Explain the difference between each of them

A

The autonomic nervous system is part of the peripheral nervous system division which helps to regulate control of involuntary body functions. The two main divisions are sympathetic and parasympathetic

21
Q

what is the somatic nervous system

A

part of the peripheral nervous system, helps to regulate control of voluntary body functions

22
Q

what is the largest part of the brain

23
Q

what is the surface of the cerebrum called? What are the grooves and elevations called

A

cerebral cortex. The grooves are called sulci and elevations are called gyri 

24
Q

which part of the brain contains the thalamus and hypothalamus

A

diencephalon

25
what does the thalamus do
acts as the relay center of the brain and directs impulses to the cerebrum
26
what does the hypothalamus do
regulates and controls the autonomic nervous system
27
what is the mid-brain do
I and ear reflexes
28
pons
middle part of brain stem
29
medulla oblongata
lowest part of brain stem, it regulates heart rate respirations and blood pressure
30
where does the spinal cord begin and end
begins below the medulla oblongata and end at the L1 or L2 vertebrae
31
what are protective membranes of the brain and spinal cord called
meninges
32
What are the three meninges 
The Dura Mater Dash the toughest an outer membrane or layer The arachnid Noid membrane-The web like middle membrane or layer pia mater -The innermost layer which contains blood vessels