nervous system Flashcards
what does cerebrospinal do
protects and absorbs, supplies nutrients, and removes waste
what are neurologia cells of the cns and 4 types
goal cells that protect neurons and make up half up of the nervous system )ependymal, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia)
what cells help form the myelin sheath that surround axons
oligodenfrocytes
what cells remove cellular debris and pathogens
microglia
what are the 2 types of neuroglia of the pns
satellite cells and schwann cells
what cells form enclosed segments of axons
schwann cells
describe the stimulus
an electrical signal to which an organism response
describe dendrites
The first part of the neuron to receive the stimulus or electrical signal
describe the cell body
The spherical spot of the neuron which contains the nucleus and organelles
describe the axon
it carries the message away from the cell body towards the terminal end fibers
myelin sheath
The fatty tissue is surrounds an insulator the axon. It speeds up the transmission of the impulse
terminal and fibers or axon terminals
they found the end of an axon and contain the vesicles
Neuro transmitters
Chemical substances released by neurons to affect the membrane potential of another
synapse
The space between each neuron
five types of neurotransmitters
dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and morphine
what are the two main divisions of the nervous system and what do they consist of
Central nervous system: consists of the brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system: consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
why is a CNS neuron not usually replaced after it is injured
most neurons lacks centrioles and cannot divide
what are efferent nerves
Carry messages from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands
what are afferent nerves
Carrie messages from all parts of the body to the brain and spinal cord
what is the autonomic nervous system? What are two divisions of the autonomic nervous system? Explain the difference between each of them
The autonomic nervous system is part of the peripheral nervous system division which helps to regulate control of involuntary body functions. The two main divisions are sympathetic and parasympathetic
what is the somatic nervous system
part of the peripheral nervous system, helps to regulate control of voluntary body functions
what is the largest part of the brain
cerebrum
what is the surface of the cerebrum called? What are the grooves and elevations called
cerebral cortex. The grooves are called sulci and elevations are called gyri 
which part of the brain contains the thalamus and hypothalamus
diencephalon
what does the thalamus do
acts as the relay center of the brain and directs impulses to the cerebrum
what does the hypothalamus do
regulates and controls the autonomic nervous system
what is the mid-brain do
I and ear reflexes
pons
middle part of brain stem
medulla oblongata
lowest part of brain stem, it regulates heart rate respirations and blood pressure
where does the spinal cord begin and end
begins below the medulla oblongata and end at the L1 or L2 vertebrae
what are protective membranes of the brain and spinal cord called
meninges
What are the three meninges 
The Dura Mater Dash the toughest an outer membrane or layer
The arachnid Noid membrane-The web like middle membrane or layer
pia mater -The innermost layer which contains blood vessels
