nervous system Flashcards

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1
Q

what does cerebrospinal do

A

protects and absorbs, supplies nutrients, and removes waste

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2
Q

what are neurologia cells of the cns and 4 types

A

goal cells that protect neurons and make up half up of the nervous system )ependymal, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia)

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3
Q

what cells help form the myelin sheath that surround axons

A

oligodenfrocytes

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4
Q

what cells remove cellular debris and pathogens

A

microglia

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5
Q

what are the 2 types of neuroglia of the pns

A

satellite cells and schwann cells

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6
Q

what cells form enclosed segments of axons

A

schwann cells

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7
Q

describe the stimulus

A

an electrical signal to which an organism response

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8
Q

describe dendrites

A

The first part of the neuron to receive the stimulus or electrical signal

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9
Q

describe the cell body

A

The spherical spot of the neuron which contains the nucleus and organelles

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10
Q

describe the axon

A

it carries the message away from the cell body towards the terminal end fibers

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11
Q

myelin sheath

A

The fatty tissue is surrounds an insulator the axon. It speeds up the transmission of the impulse

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12
Q

terminal and fibers or axon terminals

A

they found the end of an axon and contain the vesicles

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13
Q

Neuro transmitters

A

Chemical substances released by neurons to affect the membrane potential of another

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14
Q

synapse

A

The space between each neuron

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15
Q

five types of neurotransmitters

A

dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and morphine

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16
Q

what are the two main divisions of the nervous system and what do they consist of

A

Central nervous system: consists of the brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system: consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves

17
Q

why is a CNS neuron not usually replaced after it is injured

A

most neurons lacks centrioles and cannot divide

18
Q

what are efferent nerves

A

Carry messages from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands

19
Q

what are afferent nerves

A

Carrie messages from all parts of the body to the brain and spinal cord

20
Q

what is the autonomic nervous system? What are two divisions of the autonomic nervous system? Explain the difference between each of them

A

The autonomic nervous system is part of the peripheral nervous system division which helps to regulate control of involuntary body functions. The two main divisions are sympathetic and parasympathetic

21
Q

what is the somatic nervous system

A

part of the peripheral nervous system, helps to regulate control of voluntary body functions

22
Q

what is the largest part of the brain

A

cerebrum

23
Q

what is the surface of the cerebrum called? What are the grooves and elevations called

A

cerebral cortex. The grooves are called sulci and elevations are called gyri 

24
Q

which part of the brain contains the thalamus and hypothalamus

A

diencephalon

25
Q

what does the thalamus do

A

acts as the relay center of the brain and directs impulses to the cerebrum

26
Q

what does the hypothalamus do

A

regulates and controls the autonomic nervous system

27
Q

what is the mid-brain do

A

I and ear reflexes

28
Q

pons

A

middle part of brain stem

29
Q

medulla oblongata

A

lowest part of brain stem, it regulates heart rate respirations and blood pressure

30
Q

where does the spinal cord begin and end

A

begins below the medulla oblongata and end at the L1 or L2 vertebrae

31
Q

what are protective membranes of the brain and spinal cord called

A

meninges

32
Q

What are the three meninges 

A

The Dura Mater Dash the toughest an outer membrane or layer
The arachnid Noid membrane-The web like middle membrane or layer
pia mater -The innermost layer which contains blood vessels