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final Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

axial skeleton

A

skull, thorax, vertebral colum

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2
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

limbs and pelvic girdle/pectoral girdle

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3
Q

What bones make up the pelvic girdle

A

ileum, pubis, Cynthias pubis, ischium

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4
Q

what bones make up the pectoral girdle

A

clavicle and scapula

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5
Q

what are intervertebral discs made of

A

cartilage

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6
Q

divisions of the spinal column

A 
cervical 
thoracic 
lumbar 
sacral 
coccygeal
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7
Q

what kind of bones are the femur in radius

A

long

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8
Q

what kind of bones are the carpals and tarsals

A

short

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9
Q

what kinds of bones are the ribs in cranium

A

flat

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10
Q

How many bones make up the human skeleton

A

206

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11
Q

what nutrients become a part of the bone matrix and what kind of tissue is been

A

calcium and phosphorus, connective

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12
Q

what is the shaft of a long bone called

A

diaphysis

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13
Q

where is the expanded area found at each end of the bone

A

epiphysis

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14
Q

what is the tissue that surrounds the bone

A

periosteum

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15
Q

what kind of blood vessels are the largest and carry blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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16
Q

what kind of blood vessels are valves that prevent backflow of blood and bring blood away from the heart

A

veins

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17
Q

what is the systole phase

of the heartbeat

A

contraction ( top number)

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18
Q

what is the relaxing face in the heartbeat

A

dyastole (bottom)

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19
Q

what is the largest artery and vein in the body

A

aorta and vena cava

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20
Q

When blood goes to the lungs what gas is released

A

Carbon dioxide

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21
Q

when blood goes to the lungs what gas is taken into the blood

A

oxygen

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22
Q

what is the pacemaker of the heart called

A

Sinotrial node

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23
Q

what kind of blood does each chamber of the heart receive

A

right atrium-deoxygenated bloo
left atrium receives oxygenated blood

right ventricle receives deoxygenated blood
left ventricle receives oxygenated blood

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24
Q

what is the first part of the neuron that receives the nerve impulse

A

dendrite

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25
Q

which nervous system controls involuntary movement, autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions such as heart rate and breathing

A

peripheral nervous system

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26
Q

The division of the autonomic nervous system that acts in times of emergency the influence bodily functions in voluntary and times with stress

A

sympathetic

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27
Q

A chronic progressive disabling condition resulting from a degeneration of the myelin sheath usually happening between the ages of 20 to 50 years old

A

multiple sclerosis

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28
Q

what part of the brain is responsible for muscle coordination posture and balance

A

cerebellum

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29
Q

what part of the brain regulates heartbeat, respiration, swallowing, coughing, and blood pressure

A

brainstem

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30
Q

which part of the brain is responsible for thought, reasoning, memory, speech, and voluntary movement

A

frontal lobe

31
Q

what type of tissue is the brain

A

nervous

32
Q

what are the two main divisions of the nervous system

A

Central and peripheral

33
Q

what is a clotting cell called

A

platelet

34
Q

what is the protein found in red blood cells that contains oxygen 

A

hemoglobin

35
Q

what are the four main blood components

A

erythrocytes, leukocytes, plasma, platelets

36
Q

what kind of leukocyte accumulates at the site of infection

A

neutrophils

37
Q

what kind of leukocyte is formed in bone marrow and lymph tissue which controls immune response

A

lymphocytes

38
Q

what kind of leukocyte moves into tissue and digest bacteria

A

monocyte

39
Q

what kind of leukocyte is associated with allergic reactions

A

eosinophils

40
Q

what kind of leukocytes releases heparin and histamine

A

basophils

41
Q

what hormone is produced in the pancreas

A

pancreatic juices

42
Q

what are the elevations of the tongue called

A

papilla

43
Q

 pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats

A

lipase

44
Q

substance produced when fats are digested

A

fatty acids

45
Q

substance produced when proteins are digested

A

amino acids

46
Q

what are contractions of the gastrointestinal tubes

A

peristalsis

47
Q

Chemical produced by the stomach to aid

digestion

A

hydrochloric acid

48
Q

what secretes enzymes into the mouth

A

salivary glands

49
Q

chronic liver disease resulting from alcoholism and malnutrition

A

cirrhosis

50
Q

inflammation of the liver

A

hepatitis

51
Q

chronic inflammation of the large bowel with ulcers

A

ulcerative colitis

52
Q

what is the first part of the large intestine

A

cecum

53
Q

what is the large intestine also called

A

large bowel colon

54
Q

parts of the small intestine

A

duodenum
jenjenum
ileum

55
Q

another name for intestine

A

bowel

56
Q

what are the two enzymes produced in the stomach which helps a digest food and turn into chyme 

A

hydrochloric acid and pepsin

57
Q

what’s the pathway of the gastrointestinal tract as its function

A

ingestion digestion absorption to compaction to defecation

58
Q

what are the three salivary glands

A

parotid, sublingual, and submandicular

59
Q

largest salivary gland

A

parotid

60
Q

what are the parts of the large intestine in order

A

cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, and rectum

61
Q

what are the three accessory organs of the digestive system

A

pancreas, liver, gallbladder

62
Q

definition of blast

A

embryonic

63
Q

asthenia

A

lack of strength

64
Q

algesia 

A

sensitivity to pain

65
Q

osmia

A

smell

66
Q

dys

A

bad

67
Q

inflammation of a blood clot

A

thrombophlebitis

68
Q

lack of oxygen

A

hypoxia

69
Q

immature white blood cell

A

myeloblast

70
Q

Record of brain activity

A

electroencephalogram

71
Q

Record of the heart electrical impulses

A

electrocardiogram

72
Q

phlebotomy

A

blood taken from the vein

73
Q

difficulties swallowing 

A

dysphasia

74
Q

lack of ability to communicate

A

aphasia

medical (11 decks)

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