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cardiovacular system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what carries blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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2
Q

what carries blood to the heart

A

veins

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3
Q

what is the outer, surronding membrane of the heart

A

pericardium

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4
Q

what is the middle, muscle made heart layer called

A

myocardium

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5
Q

what is the tissue that seperates the heart into right and left sides called

A

atrioventricular septum

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6
Q

what is the layer called within the lining of the ventricles

A

endocardium

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7
Q

what vein carries blood from upper body

A

superior vena cava

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8
Q

what vein carriesz blood fro the lower body

A

inferior vena cava

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9
Q

what vein carries blood from the right lungs

A

right pulmonary veins

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10
Q

what vein carries blood from the left lungs

A

left pulmoary veins

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11
Q

where does the pulmonary artery travel blood

A

to the left and right lungs

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12
Q

what valve comes between the right atrium and the right ventricle

A

tricuspid valve

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13
Q

what valve is between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

A

pulmonary valve

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14
Q

what valve is inbetween the left atrium and left ventricle

A

mitral/bicuspid valve

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15
Q

what valve is between the left ventricle and the airta

A

aortic valve

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16
Q

describe the pathway of oxgenated blood through the heart

A

comes into the pulmonary veins from the lungs, moves through the mitral valve to the left ventricle, then moves through the aortic valve where the aorta disperses it to the upper an dlower body

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17
Q

describe the pathway of deoxygenated blood through the heart

A

comes into the superior/inferior venacavas, then moves through the right atrium into the tricuspid valve. Then it comes from the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary artery

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18
Q

what is the sa node

A

pacemaker of the heart, it initiates the heart beat.

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19
Q

where do electrical impulses move after the sa node

A

to the atria

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20
Q

what does the av node to with the electrical impulse

A

it recieves, then delays, the impulse. This allows the atria to empty the blood into the ventricles

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21
Q

what happens after the delay

A

the sa node sends a signal to the av node to continue

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22
Q

what does the bundle of his do

A

seperates into left and right branches , which go towards the apex of the heart

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23
Q

where does the signal travel and spread

A

it tr5avels to the purkinje fibers and spreads through the ventricles

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24
Q

the right sie of the heart pumps—-

A

carbon dioxide rich blood to the lungs

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25
Q

the aorta is an

A

artey

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26
Q

what kind of blood is carries in veins

A

carbon dioxide and waste

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27
Q

capillary walls are how many cells thick

A

only one cell

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28
Q

what are the 2 atricular ventricle valves and when do the close

A

the tricuspid and mitral. (the heart contracts) when the ventricles are full and puishing blood through the pulmonary artery

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29
Q

what are the 2 semi lunar valves and when do they close

A

pulmonary and aortic (the heart relaxes) when blood flows from the atria to the ventricles

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30
Q

condition of a slow heartbeat

A

bradycardia

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31
Q

the relaxtion phase of the heartbeat

A

diastole

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32
Q

clots that travel and suddenly block a blood vessel

A

emboli

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33
Q

malfomation involving four heart defects

A

tetralogy of fallot

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34
Q

enlargement of the heart

A

cardiomegaly

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35
Q

chest pain resulting from not enough oxygen being suppliedx to the heart

A

angina

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36
Q

inflammation of a vein

A

phlebitis

37
Q

rapid but regular atria contractions

A

flutter

38
Q

heart sound caused by improper closer of heart valves

A

murmur

39
Q

inability of the heart to pump enough blood

A

congestive heart failure

40
Q

area of dead tissue

A

infarction

41
Q

what is the pace maker of the heart

A

SA node

42
Q

pulmonary vs systemic circ.

A

pulm- heart and lungs

sys-heart and body cells

43
Q

What is the congenital malformation involved in four separate heart defects

A

tetralogy of fallot

44
Q

enlargemnt of the heart

A

cardiomegaly

45
Q

inflammation of a vein

A

phlebitis

46
Q

area of dead tissue

A

infarction

47
Q

pacemaker of the heart

A

SA node

48
Q

rapid and random contractions of the heart

A

fibrillation

49
Q

what do veins have that help prevent backflow of blood

A

valves

50
Q

nutrients are burned to realease what

A

ATP

51
Q

catabolism

A

breaking down

52
Q

5 example of cardiac arrythmias

A

bradycardia, tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter

53
Q

what is it called when areas of heart myscle dont get enough oxygen

A

myocardial infarction

54
Q

what valves close during diastole

A

tricuspid and mitral

55
Q

what two valves close during systole

A

pulmonary and aortic

56
Q

a small vein

A

venule

57
Q

tissue between the ventricle wals

A

bundle of his

58
Q

inner lining of thr pericardium

A

visceral pericardium

59
Q

inability of the heart to pump its required amount of blood

A

congestive heart failure

60
Q

blockage of the arteries

A

coronary artery disease

61
Q

widening of an artery

A

aneurysm

62
Q

high blood pressur related to kidney diseas

A

secondary hypertension

63
Q

plaque build up that hardens the arteries

A

atherosclerosis

64
Q

excessive development

A

hypertrophy

65
Q

holding back blood

A

ischemia

66
Q

angioplasty

A

surgical repair of a blood vessel

67
Q

angio

A

blood vessel

68
Q

disease condition of the heart muscle

A

cardiomyopathy

69
Q

athero

A

plaque/ fat

70
Q

atri/o

A

atrium

71
Q

axill/o

A

armpit

72
Q

brachi/o

A

arm

73
Q

coron/o

A

heart

74
Q

isch/o

A

to hold back

75
Q

myx/o

A

mucus

76
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

77
Q

spygm/o

A

pulse

78
Q

steth

A

chest

79
Q

thromb

A

clot

80
Q

vas/o

A

vessel

81
Q

contriction

A

narrowing

82
Q

dialation

A

widening

83
Q

emia

A

blood condition

84
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

85
Q

-lysis

A

destruction

86
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

87
Q

-meter

A

measure

88
Q

stenosis

A

tightening

medical (11 decks)

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