Nervous System

Question 1

Function of Nervous System

Answer 1

The nervous system or the neural system is a complex network of neurons specialized to carry messages.

Question 2

Major Organs

Answer 2

The Central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord and The Peripheral nervous system is made up of the Somatic and the Autonomic nervous systems.

Question 3

Neurons and Neuroglia

Answer 3

Neurons are the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, the cells responsible for receiving sensory input from the external world, for sending motor commands to our muscles, and for transforming and relaying the electrical signals at every step in between. Neuroglia are non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system that do not produce electrical impulses.

Question 4

Dendrite

Answer 4

A short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body.

Question 5

Soma

Answer 5

The parts of an organism other than the reproductive cells.

Question 6

Schwann Cells

Answer 6

Schwann cells are a type of glial cell that surrounds neurons, keeping them alive and sometimes covering them with a myelin sheath.

Question 7

Node of Ranvier

Answer 7

Occur along a myelinated axon where the axolemma is exposed to the extracellular space.

Question 8

Myelin

Answer 8

A mixture of proteins and phospholipids forming a whitish insulating sheath around many nerve fibers, increasing the speed at which impulses are conducted.

Question 9

Axon

Answer 9

The long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells.

Question 10

Axon Terminal

Answer 10

The most distal portion of a neuron ’s axon and is critical for neural communication. When action potentials reach the axon terminal, calcium floods the neuron, allowing synaptic vesicles to fuse with the membrane and release stored neurotransmitters to target cells.

Question 11

CSF

Answer 11

Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear, colorless body fluid found within the tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord of all vertebrates.

Question 12

Cerebrum

Answer 12

The largest and uppermost portion of the brain.

Question 13

Thalamus

Answer 13

a large egg-shaped mass of grey matter present in diencephalon, a part of the forebrain. Thalamus is involved in sensory as well as motor functions of the brain.

Question 14

Hypothalamus

Answer 14

is a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions.

Question 15

Brainstem

Answer 15

is the posterior stalk-like part of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. In the human brain the brainstem is composed of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata.

Question 16

Cerebellum

Answer 16

A major feature of the hindbrain of all vertebrates.

Question 17

Spinal Cord

Answer 17

A long, fragile tube-like structure that begins at the end of the brain stem and continues down almost to the bottom of the spine. The spinal cord consists of nerves that carry incoming and outgoing messages between the brain and the rest of the body.

Question 18

Parietal Lobes

Answer 18

These lobes are positioned posteriorly to the frontal lobes and above the occipital lobes. They are involved in receiving and processing of sensory information. The somatosensory cortex is found within the parietal lobes and is essential for processing touch sensations.

Question 19

Frontal Lobes

Answer 19

These lobes are positioned at the front-most region of the cerebral cortex. They are involved with movement, decision-making, problem-solving, and planning. The right frontal lobe controls activity on the left side of the body and the left frontal lobe controls activity on the right side.

Question 20

Occipital Lobes

Answer 20

Located just below the parietal lobes, the occipital lobes are the main center for visual processing. The visual information is sent to the parietal lobes and temporal lobes for further processing.

Question 21

Temporal Lobes

Answer 21

These lobes are located directly below the frontal and parietal lobes. They are involved with memory, emotion, hearing, and language. Structures of the limbic system, including the olfactory cortex, amygdala, and the hippocampus are located within the temporal lobes.

Question 22

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 22

The lower half of the brainstem that contains the cardiac, respiratory, vomiting, and vasomotor centers and regulates autonomic, involuntary functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Question 23

Pons

Answer 23

Contains nuclei that relay signals from the forebrain to the cerebellum, along with nuclei that deal primarily with sleep, respiration, swallowing, bladder control, hearing, equilibrium, taste, eye movement, facial expressions, facial sensation, and posture.

Question 24

Midbrain

Answer 24

Associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep and wake cycles, alertness, and temperature regulation.

Question 25

Hearing

Answer 25

The structures of the ear all work together to collect and transfer sound vibrations to the auditory nerve.

Question 26

Smell

Answer 26

The sense of smell is closely related to the sense of taste.

Question 27

Vision

Answer 27

The faculty or state of being able to see.

Question 28

Taste

Answer 28

The tongue is filled with bumps called papillae. Many of these papillae contain taste buds, which contain chemoreceptors.

Question 29

Cochlea

Answer 29

A bony snail-shaped structure containing membranes filled with fluid.

Question 30

Cornea

Answer 30

Made of thick, transparent tissue. allows light into the eye

Question 31

Pupil

Answer 31

The opening in the center of the iris. Muscles regulate the amount of light entering the eye

Question 32

Iris

Answer 32

Is located behind the cornea. It is the colored part of the eye. works with pupil to regulate light entering the eye

Question 33

Retina

Answer 33

Located in the back of the eye, contains thousands of photoreceptors.

Question 34

Lens

Answer 34

A semi-solid disc that directs light waves towards the retina.

Question 35

Farsighted vs Nearsighted

Answer 35

Nearsighted people see close-up objects more clearly, while farsighted people see things in the distance more clearly. Conversely, nearsightedness makes distant objects look blurry, while farsightedness blurs objects that are close to you.

Question 36

Hammer

Answer 36

Attached to the eardrum.

Question 37

Anvil

Answer 37

In the middle of the chain of bones.

Question 38

Stirrup

Answer 38

Attached to the membrane-covered opening that connects the middle ear with the inner ear (oval window)