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Anatomy & Physiology > Nervous Sys. Quiz > Flashcards

Nervous Sys. Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous Sys. (CNS)

A

-Consist of brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral Nervous Sys. (PNS)

A

Comprised of all nerves not in the brain or spinal cord.

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3
Q

Cranial nerves

A

Originate in the brain

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4
Q

Spinal nerves

A

Originate in the spinal cord

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5
Q

Motor (Efferent) Division Of PNS

A

Sends impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands

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6
Q

Sensory (Afferent) Division of PNS

A

Sends impulses away from the senses, to the CNS

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7
Q

Autonomic Nervous Sys.

A

-Part of Motor Division of the PNS
-Involves involuntary muscle control

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8
Q

Somatic Nervous Sys.

A

-Part of Motor Division of the PNS
-Involves voluntary muscle control

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9
Q

Sympathetic Division

A

-Part of Autonomic Nervous sys.
-Used in emergency situations (fight or flight)

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10
Q

Parasympathetic Division

A

-Part of Autonomic Nervous sys
-Reduces sympathetic response and provides resting functions such as digestion and urination

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11
Q

Functions of the Nervous System

A

-Sensory input: Detects changes (stimuli) inside and outside the body
-Integration: Processing and interpreting the information
-Response: Activation of muscles (motor output) or glands

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12
Q

Neurons

A

-Type of nerve cell
-Function: to conduct impulses around the body
-Makes up only 10% of nerve cells

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13
Q

Neuroglia

A

-Function: to support, insulate, and protect neurons
-Makes of 90% of nerve cells

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14
Q

Structure of a Neuron

A

-All neurons have a main cell body with processes extending outwards

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15
Q

Cell body of a Neuron

A

Contains the nucleus, cytoplasm, and organelles of a neuron

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16
Q

Dendrites

A

-Type of processes
-Function- Brings impulses towards the cell body

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17
Q

Axons

A

-Type of processes
-Function: sends impulses away from the body

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18
Q

Axon Terminal

A

-At the end of axons
-Function: Releases neurotransmitters to pass impulses to the next neuron

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19
Q

Unipolar Neurons

A

Have on process

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20
Q

Bipolar Neurons

A

Have two processes

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21
Q

Multipolar Neurons

A

Have many processes

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22
Q

Afferent Neurons

A

-Carry impulses towards the central nervous sys.

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23
Q

Efferent Neurons

A

Carry impulses away from the central nervous sys

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24
Q

Interneurons

A

Connect afferent and efferent neurons

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25
Myelin
-Waxy insultation that surrounds the axons -Function: Helps nerve impulses to travel more quickly
26
Schwann cell
-Type of Neuroglia -Froms the myelin by wrapping itself around the axon
27
Neurilemma
Outer layers of the Schwann cell
28
Nodes of Ranvier
Gaps between Schwann cells
29
Astrocytes (CNS)
Support and anchor neurons to surrounding capillaries
30
Microglia (CNS)
Provide immune response to the central nervous sys
31
Ependymal Cells (CNS)
Secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid
32
Oligodendrocytes (CNS)
Provide myelin insultation to neurons in the central nervous system
33
Satellite Cells (PNS)
Support and anchor neurons in the peripheral nervous sys
34
Schwann Cells (PNS)
Provide myelin insultation to neurons in the peripheral nervous system nervous sys
35
Nerve impulse
Arises from the movement of ions causing a change in electrical charges
36
Resting Potential
At rest, a neuron's intracellular space is negatively charged and a neuron's extracellular space is positively charged
37
Depolarization
After a neuron is stimulated, sodium rushes into the neuron and reverses the charges (known as action potential)
38
Repolarization
Potassium diffuses out to the neuron as the impulse passes through the neuron
39
Sodium-Potassium Pump
Restores ion concentration to normal, causing resting potential to reoccur
40
Synapse
Where 2 neurons meet, but don't touch
41
Synaptic cleft
Space between two neurons that do not touch
42
Synaptic Transmission
1. Action potential arrives at presynaptic terminal 2. Ca2+ channels open on presynaptic terminal 3. Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitters 4. Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron 5. Na+ channels open on the postsynaptic neuron 6. Impulse continues
43
Meninges
-Protects brain and spinal cord (3 layers) -Dura Mater: Thick, tough layer -Arachnoid Membrane: Thin, cobweb-like layer -Pia Mater: Thin layer containing lots of blood vessels
44
Cerebrospinal fluid
-Located between the arachnoid and pia mater layer of the brain -Function: Protects the brain by preventing it from contacting the skull. Maintains blood-brain barrier.
45
Interventricular Formen
Connects the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle
46
Choroid Plexuses
Clusters of capillaries in the ventricles that secrete cerebrospinal fluid
47
Corpus Callosum
Bundle of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum
48
Gyri
Ridges in the surface of the cerebrum
49
Sulci
Grooves in the surface of the cerebrum
50
Fissures
Deep grooves that divide portions of the brain
51
Cerebral Cortex
-Most superficial layer if the brain -"Gray matter" made of cell bodies & dendrites
52
Cerebral Medulla
-Middle layer of the brain -"White matter", made of myelinated axons
53
Basal Nuclei
-Deepest layer of the brain -Made up of islands of gray matter
54
Frontal lobe (6)
Controls: -Voluntary movements (limbs/facial muscles) -Reasoning & decision making -Memory -Ability to predict consequences of action -Planning -Verbal communication, specifically in the Broca's area
55
Central Sulcus
Separates the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe
56
Parietal lobe (3)
Controls: -Sensations (pain, temp, touch) -Visual-spatial processing -Body position
57
Occipital lobe (2)
Controls: -Visual processing- vision -Memory of objects
58
Lateral Sulcus
Separates the temporal lobes from the frontal lobe
59
Temporal lobe (4)
Controls: -Memory -Comprehension & pronunciation of words -Sensations of smell and sound -Emotional association of memories
60
Diencephalon
-In the cerebrum -Contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland
61
Thalamus
Relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex for processing and sorting
62
Hypothalamus (3)
-Responsible for autonomic processes (body temp., metabolism, blood volume) -Controls hormones released by the pituitary gland -Part of the limbic sys. which regulates emotions and feelings of pleasure (thirst, hunger, sex, pain)
63
Parts of the Brain stem
-Midbrain (mesencephalon) -Medulla Oblongata -Pons
64
Midbrain (2)
-Relays information to cerebrum -Controls body movements and posture
65
Pons (3)
-Made predominantly of white batter that links the cerebral cortex and cerebellum -Carries information from one side of the brain to the other -Central control of breathing
66
Medulla Oblongata (2)
-Transmits impulses between the spinal cord and the brain -Controls blood pressure, heart rate, swallowing, and coughing
67
Cerebellum
-2nd largest part of the brain -Coordinates the movements directed by the cerebrum so they are graceful and efficient (involuntarily) -Aids in muscle memory
68
Spinal Cord
-Extends from the medulla oblongata to the lumbar vertebrae -Relays impulses between the peripheral nervous sys. and brain through 31 pairs of spinal nerves
69
Dorsal Horns
-Receives impulse from afferent nerves, then pass impulse through the ventral horns to the efferent nerves
70
2 directional spinal nerve
-Formed by nerve fibers conjoined from the dorsal and ventral roots
71
Reflexes
-Preprogrammed responses -Can be somatic (involving skeletal muscles) or autonomic (involving smooth muscles)
72
Reflex Arc
Pathway that reflexes travel through
73
Reflex Arc Parts
1. A receptor 2. Sensory neurons 3. Integration 4. Motor neurons 5. An effector

Anatomy & Physiology (11 decks)

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