Muscular Systems Quiz

Question 1

Functions of Muscular System (4)

Answer 1

Produces movement, maintains posture (works against gravity), stabilizes joints, generates heat (cellular respiration)

Question 2

Characteristics of Muscle Tissues

Answer 2

Excitability, Contractability , Extensibility, Elasticity

Question 3

Excitability

Answer 3

The ability to respond to a stimulus from a motor neuron or hormone

Question 4

Contractability

Answer 4

The ability to shorten when stimulated

Question 5

Extensibility

Answer 5

The ability to lengthen and stretch even past their original shape

Question 6

Elasticity

Answer 6

The ability to recoil or bounce back to their original shao and length after being stretched

Question 7

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 7

-Connected to bones
-Cylindrical
-Straited (muscles have strips)
-Multinucleated
-Voluntarily controlled
-Contracts slowly or very quickly

Question 8

Smooth Muscle

Answer 8

-Found in walls or internal organs
-Arranged in uniform layers
-Nonstriated
-Uninucleated
-Involuntarily controlled
-Slow contractions, sustained for long periods of time

Question 9

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 9

-Found in the heart
-Branched
-Uninucleated
-Involuntarily controlled
-Mostly slow and steady contractions except for short periods of activity

Question 10

Muscle

Answer 10

Composed of many bundles of fibers.

Question 11

Tendons

Answer 11

Attaches skeletal muscle to bone

Question 12

Fascicle

Answer 12

Bundles within muscles

Question 13

Muscle Fiber

Answer 13

Long, thin muscle cells. Each is covered by a sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Question 14

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 14

Covered each individual muscle fiber. Transmits impulses to muscle fibers.

Question 15

Myofibril

Answer 15

Thread-like organelles of the muscle fibers. Structured in a long, straited units called sarcomeres.

Question 16

Myofilaments

Answer 16

2 types: actin (thin) and myosin (thick). Make up the sliding filament model of the muscle. Responsible for contracting activity of muscle fibers.

Question 17

Function of Membranes

Answer 17

Allow muscle fibers to slide and keep the contained to precent bursting during contractions

Question 18

Epimysium

Answer 18

Covers the whole muscle

Question 19

Perimysium

Answer 19

Covers a fascicle

Question 20

Endomysium

Answer 20

Coves an individual muscle fiber

Question 21

Z-Line

Answer 21

Where actin and myosin filaments are attached together

Question 22

Sarcomere

Answer 22

Space between two Z-lines

Question 23

M-line

Answer 23

Where the actin and myosin pull the muscle fiber towards during interaction

Question 24

Sliding Filament Theory

Answer 24

1. Nerve impulses are sent to the muscle fiber to begin contraction.
2. Myosin’s rounded extensions, called heads, attach to the twisted actin filaments and pull.
3. This causes the Z-lines to get closer together and the sarcomere to get shorter.

Question 25

ATP

Answer 25

Required for the process of muscle contraction. Each time a myosin filament engages with actin, 1 ATP molecule is used.

Question 26

"Gentleness" or "strength" of a muscle fiber

Answer 26

Determined by the number of fibers engaged

Question 27

Cellular Respiration

Answer 27

Known as Glycolysis. With oxygen, through the Krebs cycle, it produces 34 ATP. Without oxygen, it goes through fermentation, and produces 2 ATP

Question 28

Process of Muscle Fatigue

Answer 28

1. Intense exercise: Muscles work strenuously and glucose supply is exhausted 2. Muscle fatigue: ATP is no longer being efficiently used for cross bridges. 3. Anaerobic Respiration: Muscles begin to burn, causing you to stop exercising before cells are injured 4. Oxygen Debt: Difference in amount of oxygen available and amount of oxygen you need.

Question 29

Muscle Names (7)

Answer 29

-Based on size, shape, location, orientation, muscle origin and insertion, the number of origins, and the muscle's function

Question 30

Origin

Answer 30

Attachment of a tendon to the more stationary bone

Question 31

Insertion

Answer 31

Attachment to a tendon to the more moveable bone

Question 32

Belly

Answer 32

Middle of the muscle

Question 33

Prime Mover Muscle

Answer 33

Muscle doing the action, or contracting

Question 34

Synergists

Answer 34

Muscles that help in the same direction

Question 35

Antagonist

Answer 35

Opposing muscle relaxes during motion

Question 36

Ex of Antagonist Pair

Answer 36

Biceps Branchii and Triceps Branchii

Question 37

Muscle Contraction Cycle

Answer 37

1. Active site on actin is exposed as Ca binds to troponin. 2. Myosin head forms a cross-bridge with actin. 3. During the power stroke, the myosin head bends, and ADP and P are released 4. New molecule, ATP attaches to myosin head, causing the cross-bridge to detach 5. ATP breaks down into ADP and P which returns myosin into the original position

Question 38

Synaptic cleft

Answer 38

Between the motor neuron and muscle fiber, as they don't directly touch another.

Question 39

Voltage gated channels

Answer 39

Open in response to action potential

Question 40

Chemically gated channels

Answer 40

Opened when a particular molecule attaches to them

Question 41

Sarcolemma

Answer 41

Plasma Membrane of a muscle fiber

Question 42

Neuromuscular Junction

Answer 42

Where the motor neuron meets the sarcolemma

Question 43

Motor Unit

Answer 43

Group of fibers that is collectively controlled by one neuron

Question 44

Axon Terminals

Answer 44

Release the neurotransmitters

Question 45

Na and K

Answer 45

Na enter through the protein channels and K leaves through them. This keeps the action potential pushing through the muscle fiber

Question 46

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Answer 46

Binds to ACh receptors on the sarcolemma of the muscle fibers, causing protein channels to open