Exocrine System

Question 1

endo-

Answer 1

within

Question 1

-crine

Answer 1

secretion

Question 2

exo-

Answer 2

out of, away from

Question 3

trop-

Answer 3

turn, reaction, or change

Question 4

ad-

Answer 4

toward

Question 5

-renal

Answer 5

kidneys

Question 6

Function of endocrine system

Answer 6

Communication and control

Question 7

Changes hormones produce in target cells (5)

Answer 7

1. Alter plasma membrane permeability, potential or both
2. Stimulate protein synthesis
3. Activate/ deactivate enzymes
4. Induce a secretory activity
5. Simulates mitosis

Question 8

2 types of hormones

Answer 8

Water soluble hormones (amino acids)
Lipid soluble hormones (steriods)

Question 9

Lipid soluble hormones

Answer 9

-Steroids
-Pass directly through target cell membrane, forming a hormone receptor complex

Question 10

Water soluble hormones

Answer 10

-Amino acids
-Can’t pass through membrane
-Binds to receptors on outside of target cell, which activates second messenger

Question 11

Endocrine gland activations

Answer 11

Hormonal stimuli, Humoral stimuli, Neural stimuli

Question 12

Hormonal Stimuli

Answer 12

Glands are encouraged by hormones secreted by other glands
Ex. Hypothalamus stimulating pituitary

Question 13

Humoral Stimuli

Answer 13

Levels of nutrients and ions in the blood cause glands to secrete hormones
Ex. Low blood calcium levels stimulate parathyroid

Question 14

Neural Stimuli

Answer 14

Nerve impulses cause glands to secrete hormones
Ex. Sympathetic nervous system during stress causes release of epinephrine from adrenal glands

Question 15

Ex of Endocrine glands

Answer 15

Thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, pineal, pituitary, hypothalamus, testes, ovaries, thymus

Question 16

Pituitary gland

Answer 16

Called master gland because it controls many other glands in the body. Split into two lobes

Question 17

Anterior Pituitary

Answer 17

Produces Thyroid stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Growth hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, and Gonadotrophins

Question 18

Thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer 18

Causes thyroid to produce thyroxine

Question 19

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer 19

Stimulates adrenal glands

Question 20

Growth Hormone

Answer 20

Stimulates growth in bones and muscles

Question 21

Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone

Answer 21

Stimulates melanocytes to produce melanin

Question 22

Prolactin

Answer 22

Stimulates production of breast milk

Question 23

Gonadotropins

Answer 23

Luteinizing hormone- Stimulates release of sex hormone
Follicle stimulating hormone- Stimulates egg or sperm production

Question 24

Posterior Pituitary

Answer 24

Produces Antidiuretic/ vasopressin, and oxytocin

Question 25

Antidiuretic Hormone/ vasopressin

Answer 25

Increases water retention in kidneys, decreasing urine production

Question 26

Oxytocin

Answer 26

Stimulates contraction of uterus during birth and promotes release of breast milk

Question 27

Function of Hypothalamus

Answer 27

To control the pituitary gland, gland via neural and hormonal stimulation

Question 28

Functions the Hypothalamus allows

Answer 28

-Control of the brain stem and spinal cord -Center of emotional response -Body temperature regulation -Regulation of food intake -Controls thirst -Regulates sleep and wake cycles

Question 29

Pineal gland

Answer 29

-Cone shaped, near cerebellum -Secretes melatonin

Question 30

Thyroid gland

Answer 30

Butterfly shaped, located near bottom of neck. Secrets calcitonin and thyroid hormones

Question 31

Thyroid hormones

Answer 31

Thyroxine/ Triiodothyronine- Regulates metabolism, body heat production, controls cellular oxygen usage, and maintains blood pressure

Question 32

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 32

-Inner layer -Produces Epinephrine/ Norepinephrine

Question 33

Epinephrine/ Norepinephrine

Answer 33

Regulates fight or flight response. Increases heart rate, blood flow, and oxygen intake

Question 34

Adrenal Cortex

Answer 34

-Outer layer -Secretes Glucocorticoids

Question 35

Glucocorticoids

Answer 35

Regulates ion levels for quick energy (ex. cortisol and aldosterone)

Question 36

Islets of Langerhans

Answer 36

-Makes up pancreas -Produces insulin and glucagon

Question 37

Insulin

Answer 37

Produced by beta cells. Lowers blood glucose levels

Question 38

Glucagon

Answer 38

Produced by alpha cells. Raises blood glucose levels

Question 39

Thymus

Answer 39

-Located near sternum -Part of nervous system that -Produces thymopoietin, thymic factor, and thymosin, which is involved in development of the immune system

Question 40

Gonads

Answer 40

Reproductive organs that produce sex cells and secrete sex hormones

Question 41

Female Hormones

Answer 41

Estrogen- Maturation of reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics Progesterone- Causes breast development and control of menstrual cycle

Question 42

Male Hormone

Answer 42

Testosterone- Maturation of reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics, produces sperm

Question 43

Hyposecretion

Answer 43

Not enough hormone is released

Question 44

Hypersecretion

Answer 44

Too much of the hormone is released