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MAP II Midterm > Nervous Regulation of the Circulation > Flashcards

Nervous Regulation of the Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary nervous system that regulates circulation?

A

sympathetic nervous system

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2
Q

What nervous system assists in regulation of heart function?

A

parasympathetic nervous system

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3
Q

Where do the sympathetic vasomotor nerves leave the spinal cord?

A

through thoracic and 1st 1 or 2 lumbar spinal nerves

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4
Q

The SNS innervates all blood vessels except what?

A
  • capillaries
  • precapillary sphincters
  • metarterioles
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5
Q

Stimulation of the SNS does what to the volume of veins?

A

decreases

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6
Q

SNS innervation of small arteries and arterioles allows for what?

A

vasoconstriction

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7
Q

What is the condition called in which blood vessels are inadequately filled and blood can’t circulate normally?

A

circulatory shock

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8
Q

What causes hypovolemic shock?

A

losing blood volume

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9
Q

What causes vascular shock?

A

extensive massive vasodilation of the vessels (possibly caused by drugs or an allergic reaction)

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10
Q

What causes cardiogenic shock?

A

the heart stops working – pump failure (caused by some kind of myocardial damage to the muscle of the heart)

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11
Q

What is a massive bacterial infection that travels throughout the blood?

A

septicemia

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12
Q

Do SNS nerves carry more vasoconstrictor fibers or vasodilator fibers?

A

vasoconstrictor fibers

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13
Q

Vasoconstrictor fibers are largely distributed where?

A
  • kidneys
  • intestines
  • spleen
  • skin
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14
Q

Where is the vasomotor center found?

A

brainstem

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15
Q

What 3 area are found in the vasomotor center?

A
  • vasoconstrictor area
  • vasodilator area
  • sensory area
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16
Q

What does the sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone maintain?

A
  • normal vasomotor tone

- blood pressure

17
Q

The vasoconstrictor area secretes what?

A

norepinephrine

18
Q

Function of the vasodilator area?

A

inhibits the vasoconstrictor area

19
Q

What 2 nerves innervate the vasomotor center?

A
  • vagus

- glossopharyngeal

20
Q

What does the adrenal medulla secrete when stimulated by the SNS?

A

norepinephrine and epinephrine –> causing vasoconstriction

21
Q

Function of the cardiac center?

A

adjusts rate and force of heart contraction to meet needs of the body

22
Q

What 2 centers are included in the cardiac center?

A
  • cardioaccelerator center

- cardioinhibitory center

23
Q

What nervous system controls the cardioacceleratory center?

A

SNS

24
Q

What nervous system controls the cardioinhibitory center?

A

PSNS

25
Q

What 3 changes do you need to cause in increase in arterial pressure?

A
  • most arterioles constrict
  • veins and other large vessels constrict
  • SNS stimulation of heart
26
Q

An increase in arterial pressure simultaneously stimulates what two centers?

A
  • vasoconstrictor

- cardioaccelerator

27
Q

Baroreceptors respond to what?

A

changes in pressure in the blood vessels - respond to stretch or lack of stretch in vessel walls
ex: tells the brain to vasodilate if blood pressure is too high

28
Q

Chemoreceptors respond to what?

A
  • changes in O2, CO2, and H+

- -> will signal the brainstem to vasodilate/vasoconstrict depending on blood gas

29
Q

Chemoreceptors are located where?

A

carotid bodies and aortic bodies

30
Q

Where are baroreceptors located?

A
  • carotid sinuses
  • aortic arch
  • walls of nearly every large artery in the neck and thorax
31
Q

Chemoreceptors stimulate what?

A

nerve fibers traveling to the vasomotor center

32
Q

atrial reflexes respond to what?

A

change in pressure (stretch receptors)

33
Q

How does the body respond to cerebral ischemia?

A
  • strong reaction of vasoconstrictor and cardioaccelerator centers
  • large rise in systemic arterial pressure
  • increases MAP to ~250mmHg
34
Q

What causes cerebral ischemia?

A
  • blood flow to vasomotor center severely decreases
35
Q

What is the most powerful activator of SNS vasoconstrictor system?

A

cerebral ischemia

36
Q

What does SNS do to fix cerebral ischemia?

A

restores BP by increasing HR and TPR

MAP II Midterm (10 decks)

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