Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MAP II Midterm > Introduction of CVP > Flashcards

Introduction of CVP Flashcards

1
Q

What vein is used to bypass a blockage during a CABG?

A

saphenous vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What kind of prevention is it if the patient has the impairment and you are directly addressing the impairment?

A

Primary prevention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What kind of prevention is it when the PT addresses any other additional impairments or diseases?

A

Secondary prevention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

formula for oxygen delivery (DO2)?

A

DO2 = arterial O2 x cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

formula for oxygen consumption (VO2)?

A

VO2 = (arterial O2 - venous O2) x cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

formula for oxygen extraction ratio (OER)?

A

OER = consumption/delivery = VO2/DO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Oxygen transport is normally based on what?

A

demand of tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

At rest, oxygen transport is how much greater than the actual demand?

A

3-4x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How much of the body’s oxygen is transported through hemoglobin?

A

98%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the primary mechanism for how we transport oxygen throughout the body?

A

Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why is the balance between intravascular and extravascular fluid volume is important?

A

imbalance of electrolytes and water can affect the blood’s ability to transport oxygen which can impact organ function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What 3 things impacts delivery of oxygen from outside air to tissues?

A

1) atmospheric air
2) air quality
3) humidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What effect does poor quality air have on the lungs?

A

it increases thickness of membrane in lungs making it more difficult to diffuse oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does nitrogen impact the lungs?

A

plays a role in keeping the alveoli open in the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does humidity impact the lungs?

A

humidity keeps up the mucus lining in the lungs – lack of humidity leads to erosion of the airways and possible infection from losing the mucus lining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function of cilia?

A

catches debri and helps get it out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does smoking do to cilia?

A

paralyzes cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

small airways have more of what kind of muscle?

A

smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

large airways are ______ elastic?

A

less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Muscles of inspiration?

A
  • external intercostals

- diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Muscles of expiration?

A
  • internal intercostals

- abdominals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Function of the external intercostals during inspiration?

A

elevate the ribs and therefore increase the volume of the pleural cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Function of the diaphragm during inspiration?

A

depress the inferior wall of the thoracic cavity and, therefore, increase the volume of the pleural cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Function of the internal intercostals during expiration?

A

compress and lower the ribs and therefore decrease the volume of the pleural cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Function of the abdominals during expiration?

A

compress the abdominal cavity which elevates the abdominal organs and passively elevates the diaphragm and, therefore, decreases the volume of the pleural cavities

26
Q

Expiration is normally passive or active?

A

passive

27
Q

How is oxygen transferred from alveolar sacs to pulmonary circulation?

A

diffusion

28
Q

What 5 things is diffusion based on?

A

1) surface area of alveolar capillary membrane
2) diffusing capacity of alveolar-capillary membrane
3) pulmonary capillary blood volume
4) ventilation/perfusion ratio
5) transit time of blood in alveolar capillary membrane

29
Q

What is the optimal ventilation/perfusion ratio? (how much air you breathe out/how much blood is there)

A

0.8

30
Q

Amount of oxygen that diffuses across alveolar-capillary membrane varies DIRECTLY with _______ and INVERSELY with ________.

A

Directly - size (surface area)

Indirectly - thickness

31
Q

high or low perfusion at the apical end of the lungs?

A

low perfusion

32
Q

high or low perfusion at the base of the lungs?

A

perfusion increased due to gravity

33
Q

alveoli are expanded or compressed at the apical end of the lungs?

A

alveoli expand fully

34
Q

alveoli are expanded or compressed at the base of the lungs?

A

compressed alveoli from enlarged vessels

35
Q

Optimal area for ventilation perfusion is where?

A

in the middle of the lungs

36
Q

Optimal function of the heart depends on what?

A

synchronized coupling of electrical conduction and mechanical contraction

37
Q

What is preload?

A

the amount the ventricle stretches in able to hold the blood

38
Q

What is afterload?

A

the amount of resistance needed to overcome by the left ventricle to get the blood to the body

39
Q

Preload and afterload tells you what?

A

tells you how well your heart is functioning

40
Q

What does oncotic pressure do?

A

pulls fluid in from the periphery into the blood vessel

41
Q

What does hydrostatic pressure do?

A

pushes fluid out into the periphery from the blood vessel

42
Q

What two pressures creates a fluid balance in the blood vessels?

A

hydrostatic and oncotic pressures

43
Q

Amount of O2 extracted at rest?

A

23%

44
Q

What is the rate of O2 extraction regulated by?

A

oxygen demand NOT oxygen availability

45
Q

Is partial pressure higher in arterial blood or venous blood?

A

arterial blood

46
Q

Why should partial pressures be higher in the arteries than the tissues?

A

so the oxygen pops off the hemoglobin and goes into the tissues

47
Q

partially desaturated blood and CO2 are removed from the cells into what?

A

the venous circulation

48
Q

9 steps of O2 Transport?

A

1) Inspired O2 and quality of ambient air
2) airways
3) lungs and chest wall
4) diffusion
5) perfusion
6) myocardial function
7) peripheral circulation
8) tissue extraction and use of O2
9) return of partially desaturated blood and CO2 to the lungs

49
Q

Which step of oxygen transport would be affected during a myocardial infarction?

A

step 6: myocardial function

50
Q

Which step of oxygen transport would be affected during pneumothorax from a stab wound?

A

step 3: lungs and chest wall

51
Q

Which step of oxygen transport would be affected during asthma?

A

step 2: airways OR step 4: diffusion

52
Q

Which step of oxygen transport would be affected during a pulmonary embolus?

A

step 5: perfusion

53
Q

Which step of oxygen transport would be affected during hypertension?

A

step 7: peripheral circulation

54
Q

Which step of oxygen transport would be affected during anemia?

A

step 8: tissue extraction and use of O2

55
Q

Which step of oxygen transport would be affected during a deep vein thrombosis?

A

step 7: peripheral circulation

56
Q

What 3 normal factors “shake up” oxygen transport?

A

activity, position, emotional stress

57
Q

What has the greatest influence on O2 transport?

A

Gravity

58
Q

How does restricted activity impacted CO, VO2, and OER?

A

lack of exercise decreases how well you are utilizing the oxygen you do have – decreases CO, VO2, and OER

59
Q

Loss of gravitational stress causes what?

A

astronaut “puffy face and bird legs”

– loss of gravity allows for fluid to shift to thorax/head

60
Q

External and internal signs of oxygen transport dysfunction?

A 
External signs:
- skin: pale, cyanotic, cold
- speech: short of breath
- diaphoresis
Internal signs:
- vital signs
- respiratory patterns
- hypoxia/low pulse oximetry
- poor peripheral circulation -- decreased capillary refill ( > 3 sec)

MAP II Midterm (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions