ECG Flashcards
EKG electrode placement for 3 electrode system?
- white on right
- smoke over fire – black over red
SBAR?
S - situation
B - background
A - assessment
R - recommendations
What records electrical activity of the heart?
ECG
On 12 lead ECG, why are only 10 used?
because the final 2 leads are redundent
What 6 leads record electrical signals in the frontal plane?
- leads I, II, III
- aVR
- aVL
- aVF
What 6 leads record electrical signals in the transverse plane?
- V1-6
Placement of 10 electrodes?
- right arm
- left arm
- right leg
- left leg
- V1 = 4th intercostal space to the right of the sternum
- V2 = 4th intercostal space to the left of the sternum
- V3 = between electrodes 2 and 4
- V4 = 5th intercostal space in the mi-clavicular line
- V5 = horizontally even with V4 in the left anterior axilla
- V6 = horizontally even with V4 and 5 in mid axillary line
What is contracting during systole?
left ventricle
Normal conduction pathway?
SA node through atria –> AV node –> bundle of His –> purkinjie fibers –> (travel through intraventricular septum to lateral wall of right and left ventricle)
What is the primary pacemaker?
SA node
All myocardial cells can act as what?
a pacemaker in the absence of other pacers and as a result of pathology
R to R rhythms represent what?
ventricular rhythm
P to P rhythms represent what?
atrial rhythm
What does the PR interval represent?
- conduction time (the atria node slows conduction to give atria time to fire and ventricles time to fill)
- from where the p wave begins to the beginning of the QRS complex
What 2 things does the QRS complex represent?
- ventricular depolarization
- atrial repolarization
What is contracting during systole?
left ventricle
Normal conduction pathway?
SA node through atria –> AV node –> bundle of His –> purkinjie fibers –> (travel through intraventricular septum to lateral wall of right and left ventricle)
What is the primary pacemaker?
SA node
All myocardial cells can act as what?
a pacemaker in the absence of other pacers and as a result of pathology
R to R rhythms represent what?
ventricular rhythm
P to P rhythms represent what?
atrial rhythm
What does the PR interval represent?
- conduction time (the atria node slows conduction to give atria time to fire and ventricles time to fill)
- from where the p wave begins to the beginning of the QRS complex
What 2 things does the QRS complex represent?
- ventricular depolarization
- atrial repolarization
What is occurring during a Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC)?
- wide and weird QRS
- QRS is early and followed by a pause then back to normal rhythm
- occur below the atria and outside the normal conduction pathway
- lead to uncoordinated ventricular contraction and decrease ventricular ejection and low blood pressure wave and poor perfusion
What does the QT interval represent?
- time of complete ventricular activity from depolarization to repolarization
- beginning of Q wave to the end of the T wave
What does the ST segment represent?
- early ventricular repolarization
- from the end of the QRS complex to the beginning of the T wave
What happens to the ST segment during ischemia?
ST segment depression
What happens to the ST segment during infarction?
ST segment elevation
What is it called when the BPM is less than 60bpm?
sinus bradycardia
What is it called when the BPM is greater than 150bpm?
sinus tachycardia
What changes on the ECG are caused by a premature atrial contraction?
changes in P wave morphology
What is it called when the ECG has no discernable P wave and illustrates an irregular and inconsistent R to R interval?
atrial fibrillation
What is it called when the ECG illustrates a saw tooth or picket fence appearance and there is a lack of a P wave?
atrial flutter (regularly irregular)
What occurs below the atria ad outside the normal conduction pathway and is more severe and life threatening than atrial dysrhythmias?
ventricular dysrhythmias
What is it called when the ECG illustrates 3 or more PVC’s with a rate > 100 bpm
Ventricular tachycardia
What is the most lethal ventricular dysrhythmia?
ventricular fibrillation – ventricles are not contracting and there is no perfusion
