Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MAP II Midterm > Heart Failure > Flashcards

Heart Failure Flashcards

1
Q

What is a complex clinical syndrome that results from any structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood?

A

Heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are 3 cardinal manifestations of heart failure?

A
  • dyspnea
  • fatigue
  • fluid retention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is heart failure preferred over congestive heart failure?

A

YES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 clinical manifestations of heart failure?

A
  • marked decrease in exercise tolerance
  • decline in functional status
  • decrease in quality of life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The abnormal stroke volume that comes with heart failure is due to what 3 things?

A
  • impaired contractility
  • increased afterload
  • impaired ventricular filling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is defined at “tension on muscle fibers at EDV”?

A

Preload

–> heart cannot contract fully - get increased volume in ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Measurements of Heart function?(5)

A
  • ejection fraction
  • cardiac output
  • LVEDV or LVEDP
  • echocardiogram
  • exercise stress test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is defined as the resistance encountered by left ventricle when it tries to eject blood (systole)?

A

afterload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

afterload increases with what?

A

increase in arterial vasomotor tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

increased afterload causes what?

A
  • increases myocardial oxygen consumption (pumping against resistance)
  • decreased stroke volume
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 main types of cardiomyopathy?

A
  • dilated
  • restrictive
  • hypertrophic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Effects of dilated cardiomyopathy?

A
  • muscle fibers have stretched

- heart chambers enlarged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Effects of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A
  • growth and arrangement of muscle fibers are abnormal

- heart walls thicken, especially in the left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Effects of restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A
  • ventricle walls stiffen and lose flexiblity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What occurs during systolic dysfunction?

A
  • loss of contractility
  • dilated ventricle
  • increase LVEDV
  • lead to decreased EF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What occurs during diastolic dysfunction?

A
  • impaired filling due to hypertrophy or decreased filling

- results from hypertension or aortic stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a sign of cardiac dysfunction?

A

decreased ejection fraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is an example of a diagnosis that can lead to heart failure?

A

cardiomyopathy

19
Q

Three cardinal symptoms of heart failure?

A
  • chronic fatigue
  • activity intolerance
  • shortness of breath
20
Q

Causes of right sided heart failure?

A
  • increased pulmonary resistance
  • increased afterload - pulmonary HTN or valve stenosis
  • low preload or poor pump
21
Q

Causes of left sided heart failure?

A
  • impaired contractility
  • increased afterload
  • loss of myocardial tissue
  • low preload
22
Q

Symptoms of right sided heart failure?

A
  • venous congestion
  • weight gain
  • peripheral edema
  • hepatomegaly
  • jugular venous distention
23
Q

Symptoms of left sided heart failure?

A
  • dyspnea
  • orthopnea
  • paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
  • S3 heart sound
  • excessive weight gain
  • decreased exercise tolerance
24
Q

What neurohormone maintains normal fluid status and promotes normal cardiac function?

A

B-type natriuretic peptide

25
Q

What neurohormone is secreted by the left ventricle in response to volume expansion and pressure overload?

A

B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)

26
Q

What is the purpose of BNP?

A

counter regulates renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by encouraging vasodilation

27
Q

Functional classification of heart failure?

A

Class I – no limitation to physical activity
Class II – Slight limitation of activity - OK at rest
Class III – OK at rest
Class IV – Symptoms present at rest

28
Q

Medications that decrease cardiac workload?

A
  • ACE inhibitors – decrease afterload
  • Diuretics – decrease volume
  • Beta-Blockers – limit SNS stimulation to heart, hold HR down
29
Q

What agent increases cardiac muscle contraction?

A

Digitalis (glycosides)

30
Q

Cardiac function correlate _____ with the clinical severity of heart failure.

A

poorly

31
Q

Acute CARDIAC responses to exercise in patients w/ heart failure?

A
  • progressive decrease in CO, SV, and HRR

- limited exercise tolerance

32
Q

Acute CIRCULATORY response to exercise in patients w/ heart failure?

A
  • reduced blood flow

- changed in distribution of blood flow

33
Q

Acute SKELETAL MUSCLE METABOLIC responses to exercise in patients w/ heart failure?

A
  • higher lactate levels at submaximal workloads

- slower on- and off- kinetics w/ exercise

34
Q

Is aerobic interval training or moderate continuous training better for patients w/ heart failure?

A

aerobic interval training (VO2 peak increased greater)

35
Q

Benefits of exercise in heart failure?

A

exercise training may reverse peripheral abnormalities

    • autonomic function
    • skeletal muscle blood flow
    • localized oxidative capacity
36
Q

What 3 things does aerobic exercise improve?

A
  • VO2 max
  • Dyspnea
  • LV function
37
Q

What 3 things does resistance exercise improve?

A
  • LV function
  • peak lactate levels
  • muscle strength and muscle endurance
38
Q

Do you want aerobic or resistance exercise for HF patients?

A

BOTH

39
Q

For every 1 MET increase in fitness, what percent reduction do we get in mortality?

A

10% reduction in mortality

40
Q

4 indications for terminating exercise testing?

A
  • BP
  • Angina
  • ECG
  • Signs
41
Q

What is the equation for RPP?

A

HR x SBP = RPP

42
Q

What is the best indicator of workload of the heart?

A

RPP

43
Q

For a patient post-MI, what should their HR be in order to be allowed to exercise?

A

HR

44
Q

For a patient post-surgery, what should their HR be in order to be allowed to exercise?

A

30 beats above resting

MAP II Midterm (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions