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MAP II Midterm > Kidneys > Flashcards

Kidneys Flashcards

1
Q

Role of kidneys involved with blood flow?

A
  • regulates BP by maintaining homeostasis of body fluid volume
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2
Q

An increase in extracellular fluid results in an increase of what?

A

blood volume and arterial pressure

–> kidneys excrete excess extracellular fluid to return BP to normal

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3
Q

Excess salt intake causes an increase in what?

A

MAP

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4
Q

_________ in blood volume –> ________ in blood pressure

A

increase; increase

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5
Q

Two determinants of long-term arterial pressure?

A
  • location of renal output curve

- level of intake line

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6
Q

equation for arterial pressure?

A

CO x TPR

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7
Q

Direct effect of an increase in CO on arterial pressure?

A

increase in arterial pressure

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8
Q

What is the main determinant of extracellular fluid volume?

A

amount of salt accumulation in body

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9
Q

The effect of increase in sodium is _______ than effect of increase in H2O?

A

greater

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10
Q

What is it called if MAP > 110mmHg

A

Chronic hypertension

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11
Q

What is the first mechanism of controlling arterial pressure?

A

kidney

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12
Q

What is the 2nd mechanism of controlling arterial pressure?

A

renin-angiotensin

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13
Q

What hormone acts as an enzyme and is released when arterial pressure drops?

A

renin

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14
Q

Function of renin?

A

raises arterial pressure

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15
Q

Renin-angiotensin pathway?

A

decreased arterial pressure –> renin released from kidney –> renin acts on angiotensinogen –> forms angiotensin I –> transforms into angiotensin II –> retention of water/salt and vasoconstriction –> increase arterial pressure

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16
Q

What hormone is a powerful vasoconstrictor?

A

angiotensin II

17
Q

2 effects of angiotensin? (effects that increase arterial pressure)

A

Direct - acts on kidneys to retain salt and water

Indirect - causes adrenal glands to secrete aldosterone which increases salt/water reabsorption by kidneys

18
Q

salt regulation pathway?

A

increase in salt intake –> increase in extracellular volume –> increase in arterial pressure –> decrease in renin and angiotensin –> decrease in renal retention of salt and water –> return of extracellular volume to normal –> return of arterial pressure to normal

19
Q

What is the cause of primary hypertension (silent killer)?

A

unknown cause

20
Q

Weight gain and obesity role in hypertension?

A
  • cardiac output increased
  • SNS activity increased (SNS promotes renin)
  • angiotensin II/aldosterone levels increased

MAP II Midterm (10 decks)

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