Nervous Flashcards
It is the basic unit of the nervous system.
Neurons
The central nervous system includes the brain and?
The spinal cord
The parasympathetic nervous system takes care of what activities?
“Rest and digest”; while sympathetic nervous system produce the “fight or flight” response
It is any change in the environment that is strong enough to initiate an action potential.
Stimulus
What is the elongated extension of a nerve cell for sending messages as electrical impulse?
Axon
It is the site of communication between two neurons or between a neuron an an effector cell.
Synapse
It is a molecule released from a synaptic vesicle that excites or inhibits another neuron, muscle fiber, or gland cell.
Neurotransmitter
What restricts the movement of substances between the blood and interstitial fluid of the CNS?
Blood-brain barrier
It is responsible for forming and maintaining the myelin sheath around CNS axons.
Oligodendrocytes
It electrically insulates the axon of a neuron and increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction.
Myelin sheath
What is a sequence of rapidly occurring events that decrease and reverse the membrane potential and then eventually restore it to the resting state?
Action potential (AP) or impulse
What characteristic of an action potential is known as occurring completely or not occurring at all?
All-or-none principle
These are the three (3) protective, connective tissue coverings that encircle the spinal cord and brain.
Meninges
layers: dura, arachnoid, pia
A network of axons on both the left and right sides of the body.
Plexus
It is a fast, involuntary, unplanned sequence of actions that occurs in response to a particular stimulus.
Reflex
It is a clear, colorless liquid composed primarily of water that protects the brain and spinal cord from chemical and physical injuries.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
It forms majority of CSF production.
Choroid plexuses
Its primary function of is to evaluate how well movements initiated by motor areas in the cerebrum are actually being carried out.
Cerebellum
It functions as the body’s thermostat, which senses body temperature so that it is maintained at a desired point.
Hypothalamus
It is the “seat of intelligence”
Cerebrum
The area of the brain responsible for speaking/speech and understanding language.
Broca’s speech area
The area of the brain that interprets the meaning of speech (comprehension) by recognizing spoken words.
Wernicke’s area
Cranial Nerves
I - Olfactory (smell)
II - Optic (vision/sight)
III - Oculomotor
IV - Trochlear
V - Trigeminal
VI - Abducens
VII - Facial
VIII - Vestibulocochlear (hearing and equilibrium/balance)
IX - Glossopharyngeal
X - Vagus
XI - Accessory
XII - Hypoglossal (movement of tongue; speech, swallowing)
What is the e conscious or subconscious awareness of changes in the external or internal environment?
Sensation; while perception is the conscious interpretation of sensations
It is the 24-hour cycle of sleeping and awakening.
Circadian rhythm
Special Senses
Olfaction - smell
Gustation - taste
Vision - sight
Hearing
What are the 5 primary tastes?
Salty - sodium
Sour - hydrogen ions
Sweet - sugars
Bitter - caffeine, morphine, quinine
Umami - amino acids; meaty or savory
The part of the ear that is also called as the bony labyrinth.
Inner ear
What are the three (3) smallest bones in the body that are located in the middle ear?
Malleus (Hammer)
Incus (Anvil)
Stapes (Stirrup)
