Nervous Flashcards

1
Q

It is the basic unit of the nervous system.

A

Neurons

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2
Q

The central nervous system includes the brain and?

A

The spinal cord

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3
Q

The parasympathetic nervous system takes care of what activities?

A

“Rest and digest”; while sympathetic nervous system produce the “fight or flight” response

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4
Q

It is any change in the environment that is strong enough to initiate an action potential.

A

Stimulus

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5
Q

What is the elongated extension of a nerve cell for sending messages as electrical impulse?

A

Axon

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6
Q

It is the site of communication between two neurons or between a neuron an an effector cell.

A

Synapse

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7
Q

It is a molecule released from a synaptic vesicle that excites or inhibits another neuron, muscle fiber, or gland cell.

A

Neurotransmitter

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8
Q

What restricts the movement of substances between the blood and interstitial fluid of the CNS?

A

Blood-brain barrier

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9
Q

It is responsible for forming and maintaining the myelin sheath around CNS axons.

A

Oligodendrocytes

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10
Q

It electrically insulates the axon of a neuron and increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction.

A

Myelin sheath

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11
Q

What is a sequence of rapidly occurring events that decrease and reverse the membrane potential and then eventually restore it to the resting state?

A

Action potential (AP) or impulse

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12
Q

What characteristic of an action potential is known as occurring completely or not occurring at all?

A

All-or-none principle

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13
Q

These are the three (3) protective, connective tissue coverings that encircle the spinal cord and brain.

A

Meninges
layers: dura, arachnoid, pia

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14
Q

A network of axons on both the left and right sides of the body.

A

Plexus

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15
Q

It is a fast, involuntary, unplanned sequence of actions that occurs in response to a particular stimulus.

A

Reflex

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16
Q

It is a clear, colorless liquid composed primarily of water that protects the brain and spinal cord from chemical and physical injuries.

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

17
Q

It forms majority of CSF production.

A

Choroid plexuses

18
Q

Its primary function of is to evaluate how well movements initiated by motor areas in the cerebrum are actually being carried out.

A

Cerebellum

19
Q

It functions as the body’s thermostat, which senses body temperature so that it is maintained at a desired point.

A

Hypothalamus

20
Q

It is the “seat of intelligence”

21
Q

The area of the brain responsible for speaking/speech and understanding language.

A

Broca’s speech area

22
Q

The area of the brain that interprets the meaning of speech (comprehension) by recognizing spoken words.

A

Wernicke’s area

23
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

I - Olfactory (smell)
II - Optic (vision/sight)
III - Oculomotor
IV - Trochlear
V - Trigeminal
VI - Abducens
VII - Facial
VIII - Vestibulocochlear (hearing and equilibrium/balance)
IX - Glossopharyngeal
X - Vagus
XI - Accessory
XII - Hypoglossal (movement of tongue; speech, swallowing)

24
Q

What is the e conscious or subconscious awareness of changes in the external or internal environment?

A

Sensation; while perception is the conscious interpretation of sensations

25
It is the 24-hour cycle of sleeping and awakening.
Circadian rhythm
26
Special Senses
Olfaction - smell Gustation - taste Vision - sight Hearing
27
What are the 5 primary tastes?
Salty - sodium Sour - hydrogen ions Sweet - sugars Bitter - caffeine, morphine, quinine Umami - amino acids; meaty or savory
28
The part of the ear that is also called as the bony labyrinth.
Inner ear
29
What are the three (3) smallest bones in the body that are located in the middle ear?
Malleus (Hammer) Incus (Anvil) Stapes (Stirrup)