Endo Flashcards
A molecule that is released in one part of the body but regulates the activity of cells in other parts of the body.
Hormone
What do you call the hormones that act on neighboring cells?
Paracrines
What do you call the hormones that act on the same cell that secreted them?
Autocrines
What is the produced effect is the actions of some hormones on target cells require a simultaneous or recent exposure to a second hormone?
Permissive effect
When the effect of two hormones acting together is greater than the sum of their individual effects, the two hormones are said to have what effect?
Synergistic effect
When one hormone opposes the actions of another hormone, the two hormones are said to have what effect?
Antagonistic effect
It was also called as “master” endocrine gland because it secretes several hormones that control other endocrine glands.
Pituitary gland
Which gland secretes stimulating hormones?
Pituitary gland
Which gland secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones?
Hypothalamus
What hormone secreted by anterior pituitary triggers ovulation in females?
Luteinizing hormone
What hormone secreted by anterior pituitary initiates and maintains milk production by the mammary glands?
Prolactin
What is the hormone produced by the posterior pituitary that enhances contraction during delivery?
Oxytocin
What substance produced by the posterior pituitary decreases urine production?
Antidiuretic hormone
It is the butterfly-shaped gland located just inferior to the larynx.
Thyroid gland
What are the three (3) hormones released by the thyroid gland?
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Thyroxine (T4)
Calcitonin
What hormone produced by the thyroid gland can decrease the level of calcium in the blood?
Calcitonin
It is the hormone released by the parathyroid glands which is the major regulator of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate levels in the blood.
Parathyroid hormone (Parathormone)
It is the active form of Vitamin D formed in the kidneys.
Calcitriol
What are the glands that lie superior to each kidney in the retroperitoneal space?
Adrenal glands
What pathway controls the secretion of aldosterone?
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone (RAA) pathway
What region of the adrenal glands synthesizes epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline)?
Adrenal medulla
What cells in the pancreas secretes glucagon?
Alpha cells
What hormone is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas?
Insulin
What hormone secreted by the pineal gland appears to contribute to the setting of the body’s biological clock or sleepiness?
Melatonin
These are the helpful stress that prepares us to meet certain challenges.
Eustress; distress is the harmful stress
During this response, nonessential body functions such as digestive, urinary, and reproductive activities are inhibited.
Fight or flight response
What is the effect of the fight or flight response to heart rate and blood pressure?
Increased
