Digestive Flashcards
It is the capability of the GI tract to mix and move material along its length.
Motility
It is the process of breaking down ingested food into small molecules that can be used by body cells.
Digestion
What is the layer of the GI tract that contains skeletal and smooth muscles?
Muscularis
It is the layer of the GI tract also called as the “visceral peritoneum” because it forms a portion of the peritoneum.
Serosa
It is the largest serous membrane of the body.
Peritoneum
It is the fan-shaped fold of the peritoneum which binds the jejunum and ileum of the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall.
Mesentery
It is the longest peritoneal fold; it drapes over the transverse colon and coils of the small intestine like a “fatty apron”
Greater omentum
This structure makes it possible to chew and breath at the same time.
Palate
It is the enzyme in the mouth that starts the breakdown of starch into maltose, maltotriose, and α-dextrin.
Salivary amylase
The external region of a typical tooth that is visible above the level of the gums or gingivae.
Crown
It forms the majority of the tooth; it consists of a calcified connective tissue that gives the tooth its basic shape and rigidity; it is harder than bone because of its higher content of hydroxyapatite.
Dentin
How many teeth does the permanent dentition contain?
32
They are the third permanent molars that erupt after age 17 or not at all.
Wisdom teeth
It is a collapsible muscular tube that lies posterior to the trachea.
Esophagus
A J-shaped enlargement of the GI tract directly inferior to the diaphragm in the abdomen.
Stomach
What cells in the stomach produce intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid?
Parietal cells
The cluster of cells that form the endocrine portion of the pancreas - secreting hormones such as glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide.
Pancreatic islets (Islets of Langerhans)
The cluster of cells in the pancreas that constitute the exocrine portion - secretion of pancreatic juice.
Acini
It is the heaviest gland of the body weighing about 1.4kg or 3lb.
Liver
What is being released by the liver and stored in the gallbladder?
Bile
What is the shortest region of the small intestine?
Duodenum; the longest region is the ileum
Cells in the epithelium that secrete mucus.
Goblet cells
Where does 90% of all water absorption occurs?
Small intestine
What happens when the intestines has decreased motility?
Constipation; increased motility causes diarrhea
The purpose of this phase of digestion is to prepare the mouth and stomach for food that is about to be eaten.
Cephalic phase
