Nerves of the Neck Flashcards
Identify nerve A.
Hypoglossal nerve
Identify nerve B.
Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve.
Identify nerve C.
External branch of superior laryngeal nerve
Identify nerve D.
Right recurrent laryngeal nerve.
Identify nerve E.
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Identify nerve F.
Phrenic nerve
Identify nerve G.
Spinal accessory nerve (CNXI)
Identify nerve H.
Vagus nerve
Identify nerve A.
Hypoglossal nerve (CNXI)
Identify nerve B.
Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve.
Identify nerve C.
External branch of superior laryngeal nerve.
Identify nerve D.
Right recurrent laryngeal nerve.
Identify nerve E.
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve.
Identify nerve F.
Phrenic nerve
Identify nerve G.
Vagus nerve (CNX)
Identify nerve H.
Sympathetic trunk
Identify nerve I.
Anterior (thin) and posterior C1-C8 spinal nerve roots
Identify nerve J.
Spinal accessory nerve.
Describe the origin of the hypoglossal nerve.
Medulla oblongata
What type of nerve is the hypoglossal nerve?
Motor
Describe the course of the hypoglossal nerve.
Passes through hypoglossal canal and travels anteriorly towards tongue.
Describe what the hypoglossal nerve supplies.
All muscles of the tongue except palatoglossus muscle.
Describe the origin of the internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve.
Superior laryngeal nerve.
Describe the course of the internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve.
Runs anteriorly with superior laryngeal artery, piercing thyrohyoid membrane to enter inner surface of larynx.
What type of innervation does the internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve supply?
Sensory and parasympathetic.
Describe the sensory targets of the internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve.
Epiglottis
Root of tongue
Upper larynx
Describe the parasympathetic targets of the internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve.
Glands and vasculature of epiglottis, root of tongue and upper larynx.
Describe the origin of the external branch of superior laryngeal nerve.
Superior laryngeal nerve.
Describe the course of the external branch of superior laryngeal nerve.
Runs anteriorly and inferiorly with superior thyroid artery towards the cricothyroid muscle.
What type of innervation does the external branch of superior laryngeal nerve supply?
Motor.
Describe the targets of the external branch of superior laryngeal nerve supply?
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor and cricothyroid muscles.
What is the origin of the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
Vagus nerve
Describe the course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
Crosses under, then posterior to subclavian artery (right) or aortic arch (left), ascending laterally to the trachea, ending in larynx.
What type of innervation does the recurrent laryngeal nerve supply?
Sensory, Motor, parasympathetic.
What are the sensory targets of the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
visceral sensation from larynx
esophagus
trachea
heart
lungs
What are the motor targets of the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
Muscles of larynx, except cricothyroid muscles
What are the parasympathetic targets of the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
Heart
Lungs
Esophagus
Trachea
Larynx
What is the origin of the phrenic nerve?
Anterior rami of the third, fourth and fifth cervical nerves.
Describe the course of the phrenic nerve
Inferiorly in the neck, anterior to anterior scalene, through thoracic aperture, anterior to roots of lungs, lateral to fibrous pericardium, terminating on diaphragm.
What type of innervation is supplied by the phrenic nerve?
Motor and sensory
Describe the motor innervation of the phrenic nerve.
Diaphragm
Describe the sensory innervation supplied by the phrenic nerve.
Diaphragm
Pleura
Pericardium
Inferior vena cava
Peritoneum
What is the origin of the spinal accessory nerve?
Accessory nucleus of cervical spinal cord segments C1-C6.
Describe the course of the spinal accessory nerve/
Ascends into cranial vault through foramen magnum, exits skull via jugular foramen.
Runs inferior and laterally to deep surface of SCM muscle, ends at seep surface of trapezius.
What type of innervation is supplied by the spinal accessory nerve?
Motor
Describe the target of the spinal accessory nerve.
SCM and trap muscles
What is the origin of the vagus nerve?
Medulla oblongata of brainstem.
Describe the course of the vagus nerve.
Runs laterally from brainstem to jugular foramen, emerges below skull posterior to jugular vein and internal carotid artery.
Passes inferiorly in carotid sheath to root of neck.
Moves to sides of trachea and esophagus, following them down to abdomen.
What type of innervation is supplied by the vagus nerve?
Motor, sensory, parasympathetic.
Describe the parasympathetic targets of the vagus nerve.
Visceral motor innervation from mucosal linings of gut tube and viscera from ~ the fauces down to splenic flexure of large intestine.
Describe the motor targets of the vagus nerve
Muscles of palate, pharynx, larynx except: tensor veli palatini and stylopharyngeus muscles.
Describe the sensory targets of the vagus nerve.
General sensation from portions of inner ear, baro- and chemoreceptors on the aortic arch
Taste sensation from epiglottic region
What is the role of the sympathetic trunk?
Passes all sympathetic innervation to the body.
Describe the targets of the sympathetic trunk.
Blood vessels
Sweat glands
Arrector pili muscles
Heart
Lungs
Digestive system
Kidneys
Ovaries
Related fascial layers
Describe the origin of the anterior roots of the cervical nerves.
Anterolateral sulcus
Describe the course of the anterior roots of the cervical nerves.
Laterally towards intervertebral foramina.
What type of innervation is supplied by the anterior roots of the cervical nerves?
Motor
Describe the targets of the anterior roots of the cervical nerves.
Muscles of upper limb, back, shoulder.
What is the origin of the posterior roots of each cervical nerve?
Corresponding cervical nerve.
Describe the course of the posterior roots of the cervical nerves.
Medially towards the posterior side of spinal cord.
What type of innervation does the posterior roots of the cervical nerves provide?
Sensory
