Nerves Flashcards
Neurone? Characteristics?
Basic functional unit of nervous system
Specialised for conduction of nerve impulses
Neuroglia? Characteristics?
Involved in auppot and protection within the nervous system
Gray matter? Composition?
Neuron perikarya (cell bodies), glial cells, axons, dendrites and synapses
White matter? Composition?
Axons and myelin sheaths
Oligodendroglia
No cell bodies or synapses
Spinal cord compared to brain?
Gray and white matter opposite
Perikayon? Composition?
Nucleus (central, euchromatin, gender specific)
RER (nissl bodies condensation of RER)
Golgi
Mito many
Neurofilaments and microtubules (intermediate filaments and microtubles important for transport)
Inclusions (pigment vesicles, lipofuscin deposits, residual bodies from autophagosine activity)
Dendrites? Characterisitics?
Cell process
Maybe branched
Forms receptive area for synaptic connection
Axon? characterisitics?
Long cell process extending away from the cell body
Types of neurons? Characterisitics and location?
Multipolar: brain and SC
Bipolar: sensory in retina, cochlea and olfactory epithelium
Pseudounipolar: 2 major processes which are fused closer to cell body, found in spinal ganglia and cranial ganglia
General neurone structure?
Dendrites - cell body - axon - synapse
CNS and autonomic ganglia in PNS?
Multipolar
Spinal ganglia in the PNS?
Pseudeounipolar
Astrocytes? Characteristics?
Astrocytes: 2 types
- protoplasmic; granular cyto with many branches on short processes
some processes are closely applied to neurons or some with vessels (nutrition)
In gray matter
- fibrous; long slender processes, in white matter
Oligodendroglia? Characteristics?
Smaller than astrocytes with fewer processes
In gray and white
In white they form the myelin sheath
Similar to Schwann cells
Microglia? Characteristics?*
Small cell body, elongated and densely stained
Elongate nuc with heterochromatin
Differentiated from glia by elongated nuc
Act like a macrophage
