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Basics > Nerve Ultrastructure > Flashcards

Nerve Ultrastructure Flashcards

1
Q

Two types of nervous system cells

A

Nerve cells (neurons) and glial cells

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2
Q

Example of glial cell and function

A

Schwann Cell - provides lipid sheath to periphery neurones

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3
Q

Key structural components of a neuron cell

A

Cell body, dendrites, axon and axon terminal

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4
Q

Many neuronal cell bodies can group together to form…

A

A nucleus in the CNS and a ganglion in the PNS

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5
Q

Dendrites are…

A

Extended portions of a neurone cell body which receive signals

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6
Q

Axons are…

A

Long thin structures which transmit a nerve impulse

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7
Q

Myelin sheathes are formed by…

A

Oligodendrocyte cells in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS

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8
Q

Nodes of Ranvier allow…

A

Saltatory conduction of impulses

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9
Q

Axon terminals allow for the secretion of

A

Neurotransmitter

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10
Q

Axons of neurons are grouped together in the PNS to form..

A

Nerves

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11
Q

Connective tissue which surrounds the axon of an individual neuron

A

Endoneurium

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12
Q

Connective tissue which surrounds the axons of nerve fascicles

A

Perineurium

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13
Q

Connective tissue which surrounds a nerve

A

Epineurium

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14
Q

Neurones can be classified by

A

Structure or function

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15
Q

Unipolar neurones - structure and example

A

No dendrites, one unbranched axon. Found in the cochlear nucleus of the brain

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16
Q

Pseudounipolar neurones - structure and example

A

One axon divided into two branches. Sensory neurones

17
Q

Bipolar neurones - structure and example

A

Typically one axon and one dendrite - found in the retina

18
Q

Multipolar neurones - structure and example

A

Many dendrites and one axon - motor neurones

19
Q

Sensory (afferent) neurones and motor (efferent) neurones are found in the…

A

PNS

20
Q

Intermediate neurones are found in the…

A

CNS

21
Q

Multiple sclerosis is when…

A

Myelin sheathes fail to form around nerves, causing visual, motor and auditory problems

22
Q

Multiple sclerosis is thought to be caused by…

A

Autoimmunity of myelin or failure by oligodendrocytes to form myelin

23
Q

Motor neurone disease is…

A

A group of diseases which includes ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). Motor neurones degenerate for unknown reasons and are thought to have dysfunctional mitochondria

24
Q

MND begins…

A

In the peripheral nerves, and makes its way to the central nervous system

25
Q

Life expectancy of MND

A

3-5 years

Basics (16 decks)

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