Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Basics > E - Development Of The CV System > Flashcards

E - Development Of The CV System Flashcards

1
Q

When does the CV system start to develop?

A

4th week gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why does the CV system develop early?

A

The placenta is eventually unable to meet the nutritional requirements of the growing embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does the formation of the heart begin and when?

A

Formation of the primitive heart tube at the end of the third week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does formation of the primitive heart tube begin?

A

Lateral folding and bringing together of two precursor regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is the primitive heart tube positioned after lateral folding?

A

Cephalocaudal folding (folding the embryo inwards from head to tail) which places the heart tube in the future thorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is the heart tube initially held?

A

In the pericardial cavity by a membrane which eventually degenerates to allow for future growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

From superior to inferior - the six regions of the primitive heart tube

A

Aortic roots (most superior), Truncus ateriosus, bulbus cordis, ventricle, atrium, sinus venosus (most inferior)
(Aunt theresa bakes very acidic shortcake)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When does the heart tube begin to loop?

A

23rd day of gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does the bulbus cordis move in looping?

A

Ventrally, caudally and to the right (Forward, down, right)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does the primitive ventricle move in looping?

A

Dorsally, cranially and to the left (backwards, up and left)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is responsible for blood flow to the heart tube in the 4th week?

A

Sinus venosus - receives blood from the left and right sinus horns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Eventually, venous return in the sinus venosous of the primitive heart tube…

A

Shifts to the right side of the tube, causing the left sinus horn to recede and form the coronary sinus. The enlarged right sinus horn is absorbed by the growing right atrium and forms part of the inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Venous return in left atrium of primitive heart tube development

A

The four pulmonary veins are incorporated into the left atrium, forming the smooth inflow portion and the oblique pericardial sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The early arterial system…

A

Begins as a bilaterally symmetrical assortment of arched vessels which undergo extensive modelling to create the major arteries which exit the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Derivative of first aortic arch

A

Maxillary, hyoid and stapedial arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Derivative of second aortic arch

A

Contributes also to maxillary, hyoid and stapedial arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Derivatives of third aortic arch

A

Forms the common carotid artery and part of the proximal internal carotid artery (PICA3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

4th arch in CV development

A

Right arch - right subclavian artery. Left arch - part of the arch of the aorta (RSAA4)

19
Q

Derivatives of aortic 5th arch

A

Never forms, or forms and regresses

20
Q

Derivatives of aortic 6th arch in CV development

A

Right arch - right pulmonary artery. Left arch - left pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus (6PA)

21
Q

Each of the aortic arches…

A

Have a corresponding nerve during development, the most important being the recurrent laryngeal nerve

22
Q

Right recurrent laryngeal nerve development

A

Initially hooks around 6th right aortic arch. The distal part of the 6th right aortic arch disappears, so the RRLN moves up to hook the 4th aortic subclavian artery

23
Q

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve arch development

A

Hooks around the 6th left aortic arch. As the distal part of the left 6th aortic arch persists as the ductus arteriosum, so the nerve remains

24
Q

Why is the left recurrent laryngeal nerve clinically relevant?

A

Susceptible to pathology such as compression by an aortic aneurysm

25
Q

When does septation of the heart begin?

A

When endocardial cushions in the atrioventricular region expand to divide the heart

26
Q

What does the development of the primitive atrium involve?

A

Formation of two septa and three holes

27
Q

First step of atrial septation

A

Septum primum forms and extends downwards towards the fused endothelial cushions to split the atrium into two.

28
Q

Second step of atrial septation

A

A second septum called the septum secundum grows with a hole known as the foramen ovale. The foramen ovale in the septum secundum and the ostium secundum in the septum primium allow for the presence of a right and left shunt in the growing heart

29
Q

In the development of the atria (holes)

A

There is always a hole in the septum to allow for communication between the right and left atria - allows for blood to be shunted to the left side of the heart (bypasses the developing lungs)

30
Q

The interventicular septum of the ventricles has two components…

A

One muscular and one membranous

31
Q

The muscular portion of the interventricular septum…

A

Grows up from the ventricle floor to the fused endocardial cushions, but a small gap called the primary interventricular foramen remains - filled with the membranous portion made from connective tissue

32
Q

What are circulatory shunts for during gestation?

A

Required for blood to bypass liver and developing lungs

33
Q

Through what shunts does blood bypass the lungs in gestation?

A

The foramen ovale (primarily) in the atrial septum and if not through there, the ductus ateriosus in the pulmonary trunks

34
Q

Through what shunt does blood bypass the liver in gestation and why?

A

Ductus venous, ensures enough oxygen gets to the developing brain

35
Q

How does the foramen ovale shunt close after CV maturation?

A

Intake of air increases pressure within the left atrium. As blood cannot move from the right to left atrium (higher pressure in left atrium), this closes the shunt

36
Q

How does the ductus arteriosus shunt close after CV maturation?

A

Muscular wall contracts to close after birth via a process called bradykinin

37
Q

Adult remnant of Forman ovale

A

Fossa ovalis

38
Q

Adult remnant of the ductus arteriosus

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

39
Q

Adult remnant of the ductus venosus

A

Ligamentum venosum

40
Q

Adult remnant of the umbilical vein

A

Ligamentum teres (hepatis)

41
Q

What is tetralogy of fallot?

A

A congenital heart defect with four abnormalities

42
Q

The four abnormalities in tetralogy of fallot (VORP)

A
  1. Ventricular Septal Defect - failure of the interventricular septum to fully close
  2. Overriding Aorta (aorta is connected to both right and left ventricles
  3. Right ventricular hypertrophy - right ventricle is more muscular than the left
  4. Pulmonary stenosis - narrowing of the right ventricular outflow tract
43
Q

How is tetralogy of fallot discovered?

A

Echocardiography

44
Q

How is tetralogy of fallot treated and what happens if not?

A

Surgery - pulmonary valve is widened and the ventricular septal defect is repaired. If not treated, right ventricular hypertrophy gets worse - leads to heart failure

Basics (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions