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Basics > Bone Ultrastructure > Flashcards

Bone Ultrastructure Flashcards

1
Q

What tissue type is bone

A

Connective tissue

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2
Q

Bone function

A

Structure, protection, lipid and mineral storage, haematopoiesis

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3
Q

Three types of bone cells

A

Osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

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4
Q

Osteoblasts…

A

Synthesise uncalcified ECM called osteoid

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5
Q

Osteocytes

A

Are matured osteoblasts entombed in the lamellae of lacunae and monitor proteins/minerals for bone mass

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6
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Mature monocytes which re absorb bone by the release of H+ and lysosomal enzymes

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7
Q

ECM of bone is … and is impregnated with… in particular …

A

Highly specialised … mineral salts … hydroxyapatite crystals

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8
Q

Hydroxyapatite crystals …

A

Associate with collagen fibres which makes bone hard

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9
Q

Bone Matrix is organised…

A

Organised into numerous thin layers called lamellae

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10
Q

Two types of bone

A

Woven bone (primary) and lamellar bone (secondary)

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11
Q

Primary bone

A

Woven bone

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12
Q

Secondary bone

A

Lamellar bone

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13
Q

Internal layer of bone

A

Endosteum

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14
Q

External layer of bone

A

Periosteum

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15
Q

Two subtypes of lamellar bone

A

Compact bone and spongy bone

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16
Q

In compact bone, lamellae is organised into…

A

Concentric circles

17
Q

The lamellae in compact bone surround…

A

Haversian canals

18
Q

The unit which contains osteocytes, lamellae and Haversian canals

A

Osteon

19
Q

Haversian canals are connected horizontally by…

A

Volkmann’s canals

20
Q

Haversian canals contain…

A

Neurovascular and lymphatic vessels, arteries and veins

21
Q

Volkmann’s canals contain…

A

Small vessels which join the arteries of Haversian canals

22
Q

Osteocytes are in…

A

Cavities called lacunae

23
Q

Lacunae are connected by

A

Canaliculi

24
Q

Spongy bone location

A

Interior of most bones

25
Q

Bony matrix is a 3D…

A

A 3D network of fine columns which which cross link to form trabeculae

26
Q

Trabeculae produces light…

A

Light porous bone which is resistant against multidirectional lines of force

27
Q

Spaces between trabeculae are usually filled with…

A

Yellow bone marrow

28
Q

Ossification is…

A

The process of making new bone

29
Q

Endochondrial ossification

A

Hyaline cartilage is replaced by osteoblasts secreting osteoid

30
Q

Example of a bone made by endochondral ossification

A

Femur

31
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A

Mesenchymal tissue is condensed into bone

32
Q

Bone example of intramembranous ossification

A

Flat bones such as the scapula

33
Q

Remodelling is…

A

Where osteoblasts lay down osteoid where osteoclasts have reabsorbed bone

34
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta is…

A

Excessive synthesis of collagen from osteoblasts

35
Q

Symptoms of osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Fragile bones - easier to fracture

36
Q

Osteoporosis is…

A

The decrease in bone integrity due to an increased activity in osteoclast activity over osteoblast activity

37
Q

Osteoporosis treatments

A

Bisphosphonates - taken up by osteoclasts to undergo apoptosis

38
Q

Rickets is…

A

Poor osteoid mineralisation due to vitamin D deficiency- leads to distorted epiphyseal growth plates

39
Q

Osteomalacia is…

A

Vitamin D deficiency in adults leading to poorly mineralised osteoid and therefore easier fractures

Basics (16 decks)

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