E - Development Of The Respiratory System Flashcards
How is the respiratory system split functionally?
Conducting portion and the respiratory portion
Respiratory function of the conducting portion
Warm, moisten and conveys air
Respiratory function of the respiratory portion
Gas exchange
How is the respiratory tract divided structurally
Upper and lower respiratory systems
What does the upper respiratory system consist of?
Nasal and oral cavities, pharynx and associated structures
What does the lower respiratory system consist of?
Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
What is the respiratory system derived from?
The primitive gut tube
What is the primitive gut tube?
The precursor to the GI tract which is endodermal derived and forms due to lateral folding of the embryo during early gestation
When and how does respiratory development start?
Week 4 - an outpocketing of of the proximal gut tube (the foregut) called the respiratory diverticulum
What begins to separate the foregut from the respiratory diverticulum to induce proper function?
The formation of a longitudinal ridge called the tracheoesophageal septum
What does the respiratory diverticulum do after the formation of the tracheoesophageal septum?
Bifurcates (forks) into the left and right primary bronchi, and proliferate to produce secondary and tertiary bronchi
What is tracheoesophageal Fistula?
Where the trachea remains continuous with the oesophagus due to abnormal formation of the tracheoesophageal septum
What are the signs of tracheoesophageal fistula within children
During feeding become cyanosed (blue/purplish skin colour due to a lack of oxygen to blood) or vomit/regurgitate food
How is tracheoesophageal fistula treated?
Surgical resection of the fistula
Weeks 8-16 of respiratory development
Pseudoglandular phase