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Basics > E - Development of The Urinary System > Flashcards

E - Development of The Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Main functions (4) of the urinary system include:

A

Removal of metabolic waste products such as urea; maintain electrolyte, water and pH balance; regulation of blood pressure, blood volume and erythropoietin; vitamin D synthesis

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2
Q

Development of the urniary system is tightly linked to…

A

Development of the reproductive system in early stages, until the urinary system eventually develops ahead

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3
Q

The urinary system consists of…

A

The kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra

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4
Q

What tissue gives rise to the structures of the urinary system?

A

The urogenital ridge of the intermediate mesoderm

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5
Q

The kidneys develop from…

A

The overlapping sequential systems - pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros.

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6
Q

Pronephro development begins in…

A

The fourth week of gestation in the cervical region

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7
Q

First stage of pronephro development

A

6-10 pairs of segmented tubules deriving from the intermediate mesoderm called nephrotomes are formed.

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8
Q

Second stage of pronephros development

A

Nephrotomes join with a pronephric duct - a duct which extends from the cervical region to the cloaca - this system regressed by the end of week 4

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9
Q

Cloaca

A

Distal end of the embryo

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10
Q

The mesonephros develops

A

Caudally/inferiority to the pronephros

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11
Q

First stage of mesonephros development

A

Presence of the pronephric duct stimulates the thoracolumbar region of the intermediate mesoderm to form mesonephric tubules

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12
Q

Second stage of mesonephros development

A

Mesonephric tubules receive a tuft of capillaries from the dorsal aorta - empty into the mesonephric duct (continuation of the pronephric duct) which acts as the primitive blood filtration system for the growing embryo - most of these tubules regress by the second month

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13
Q

The mesonephric duct…

A

Sprouts the ureteric bud caudally which induces development of the definitive kidney

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14
Q

Metanephros development forms… and occurs…

A

The definitive kidney - occurs between the 5th and 12th weeks

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15
Q

First stage of metanephros development

A

The ureteric bud from the mesonephric duct makes contact with the caudal region of intermediate mesoderm = forms the metanephric blastema which is the metanephric system

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16
Q

Metanephric system has two components

A

Collecting system and excretory system

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17
Q

The metanephric collecting system is derived from…

A

The ureteric bud

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18
Q

The metanephric collecting component gives rise to..

A

The ureter, renal pelvis, major/minor calyces and collecting tubules. Terminates at the distal convoluted tubule.

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19
Q

If the ureteric bud splits too early…

A

Can give rise to two ureters or two renal pelvices connected to one ureter

20
Q

The metanephric excretory component is derived from…

A

Metanephric blastema

21
Q

First stage of metanephric excretory component

A

Each collecting tubule from the collecting component is capped with a metanephric tissue cap - gives rise to excretory tubules

22
Q

Excretory tubules in the metanephric excretory component give rise to

A

The nephrons

23
Q

The proximal end of the metanephric excretory tubule forms

A

The bowman’s capsule around a glomerulus

24
Q

The distal end of the metanephric excretory tubule forms

A

The proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle and distal convoluted tubule

25
Q

The definitive kidney develops…

A

In the pelvic region but eventually ascends into the abdomen

26
Q

In the pelvis, the kidney…

A

Receives its blood supply from a pelvic branch of the abdominal aorta

27
Q

As the kidney ascends during development…

A

It receives new arteries from the abdominal aorta

28
Q

The pelvic renal arteries…

A

Usually regress, but can continue as accessory renal arteries

29
Q

Horseshoe kidney/cake kidney/fused kidney

A

Where the two developing kidneys fuse into one horseshoe-shaped kidney

30
Q

Development of horseshoe kidney

A

Occurs when kidneys become to close in abdominal ascent - become fused and stuck underneath the inferior mesenteric artery

31
Q

Horseshoe kidneys are…

A

Still drained by two ureters and asymptomatic but prone to obstruction

32
Q

What are the bladder and urethra derived from?

A

The cloaca

33
Q

What happens to the cloaca in weeks 4-7 of urinary development

A

Divided into two parts by the uro-rectal sinus

34
Q

The anterior section of the uro-rectal septum

A

The urogenital sinus

35
Q

Upper section of urogenital sinus

A

Forms the bladder

36
Q

Pelvic section of uro-genital sinus

A

Forms The entire urethra and some of reproductive tract jn females. Forms membranous and prostatic urethra in males

37
Q

Phallic section of uro-genital sinus

A

Forms part of the female reproductive tract. Forms the spongy urethra in males

38
Q

Posterior section of uro-rectal septum

A

Anal canal

39
Q

What is the urinary bladder initially drained by during gestation?

A

The allantois

40
Q

What happens to the allantois?

A

Gets obliterated into the urachus (a fibrous chord). The remnant of the urachus can be seen as the median umbilical ligament within adults. (Connects apex of bladder to umbilicus)

41
Q

What happens to bladder as it develops from urogenital sinus

A

It absorbs the caudal parts of the mesonephric ducts (Woffian ducts) - forms the trigone of the bladder.

42
Q

Ureter/bladder connection

A

Ureters sprout from the mesonephric ducts and connect to the base of the trigone bladder

43
Q

What happens in both males and females as kidneys ascend in abdomen?

A

The ureteric openings move cranially

44
Q

What happens to mesonephric ducts in males and females?

A

(Males) Move caudally and closer together, enter prostatic urethra to become ejaculatory ducts. (Females) degenerate due to a lack of testicular androgens.

45
Q

What is the urethra formed by in males?

A

Prostatic and membranous urethra is formed by the pelvic uro-genital sinus. The spongy urethra is formed by the phallic uro-genital sinus

46
Q

What is the urethra formed by in females?

A

The pelvic part of the urogenital sinus

Basics (16 decks)

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