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Histology > Nerve Tissue > Flashcards

Nerve Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What neurons are found in the cerebral cortex?

A

multipolar neurons -> pyramidal cells

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2
Q

What type of matter is the cerebral cortex, astrocytes, and pyramidal cells found in?

A

gray matter

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3
Q

What neurons are found in the cerebellar cortex?

A

multipolar neurons -> purkinje cells

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4
Q

What is the order of layers in the cerebellar cortex from top to bottom?

A

molecular layer > purkinje cell layer >granule cell layer > white matter

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5
Q

In what matter are purkinje cells found?

A

gray matter

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6
Q

In what matter are axons found?

A

white matter

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7
Q

What type of neurons do dorsal horns have?

A

interneurons

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8
Q

What type of neurons do ventral horns have?

A

motor neurons

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9
Q

Tau tangles are apart of what disease?

A

alzheimers

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10
Q

What forms intracellular lesions?

A

tangle clumps

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11
Q

What happens when tau binds to other taus, what happens to microtubules?

A

microtubule breaks down

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12
Q

What is the marker of astrocyte activation?

A

GFAP

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13
Q

During development, embryonic axons are surround by what type of cells?

A

Schwann

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14
Q

What type of axons are ONLY found in the PNS?

A

unmyelinated

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15
Q

One Schwann cell can enclose many …. but can only enclose one ….

A

unmyelinated axons; myelinated axon

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16
Q

What occurs in multiple sclerosis?

A

macrophages and microglia directly attack myelin stripping fragments of myelin, leaving “naked” demyelinated axons

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17
Q

In what matter does the demyelination occur in multiple sclerosis?

A

White matter

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18
Q

What is the most common form of Gullain-Barre syndrome?

A

acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

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19
Q

What causes AIDP ?

A

autoimmune response directed against Schwann cell membranes

20
Q

What is the difference between Gullain-Barre syndrome and multiple sclerosis?

A

GBS: in PNS (Schwann cells)
MS: CNS (microglia)

21
Q

What are examples of sensory receptors in the skin?

A

Pacinian corpuscle and Meissner’s corpuscle

22
Q

Where can the Pacinian corpuscle be found?

A

deep in the dermis

23
Q

Where can the Meissner’s corpuscle be found?

A

closer to epidermis

24
Q

Which corpuscle allows for edge detection?

A

Meissner’s

25
Q

Which corpuscle allows for a sense of pressure and vibration?

A

Pacinian

26
Q

What type of connective tissue surrounds the nerve?

A

epineurium (dense irregular)

27
Q

What type of connective tissue surrounds the nerve fasicle?

A

perineurium (specialized tissue)

28
Q

What type of connective tissue surrounds the nerve fiber?

A

endoneurium (loose tissue)

29
Q

What are the 2 types of blood-nerve barrier?

A

perineurium and endoneurium

30
Q

What is the perineurium?

A

specialized connective tissue with tight junctions

31
Q

What is the endoneurium?

A

blood capillaries that have tight junctions

32
Q

What are gangli?

A

cell bodies in PNS arranged in structures

33
Q

The cell bodies have specialized glial cells called what?

A

satellite cells

34
Q

What do the satellite cells in the ganglia surround?

A

outer neuron

35
Q

In the gangli, what is a sensory pseudo-unipolar neuron?

A

dorsal root ganglion

36
Q

What is the role of the satellite cells in ganglia?

A
  1. serve as supportive cells around the neuronal body in the ganglion
  2. provide electircal insulation
37
Q

Do the satellite cells in the ganglia produce myelin?

A

NO

38
Q

What is the PNS response to injury?

A

Wallerian degeneration

39
Q

What is the process of Wallerian degeneration?

A
  1. nerve fiber is cut/crushed
  2. part of the axon separates
  3. degenerates distal to the injury
40
Q

What is needed for regeneration in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

41
Q

What is Wallerian degeneration?

A

after significant injury, the nerve will begin to degrade in an anterograde fashion

42
Q

What is a nogo protein?

A

negative regulator of neuronal growth in CNS

43
Q

What is the role of nogo proteins?

A

impair growth cones

44
Q

Which nervous system lacks nogo proteins?

A

PNS

45
Q

What can nogo antibodies do?

A

enhance axon elongation after spinal cord crush injuries

Histology (7 decks)

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