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Histology > Muscle > Flashcards

Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the striated muscles?

A

skeletal and cardiac

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2
Q

Which muscles are voluntary and what are involuntary?

A
  • voluntary: skeletal
  • involuntary: smooth and cardiac
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3
Q

What are the connective tissue layers (outside to in)?

A

muscles> fascicle> fiber> muscle cell> myofibril

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4
Q

What does the endomysium surround?

A

each single muscle cell

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5
Q

What does the perimysium surround?

A

each fasicle

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6
Q

What does the epimysium surround?

A

the entire muscle

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7
Q

What are the 3 connective tissue layers of muscle (outside to in)?

A

epimysium> perimysium> endomysium

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8
Q

Which connective tissue layers are made from dense irregular tissue?

A

epimysium and perimysium

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9
Q

Which connective tissue layers are made from reticular connective tissue?

A

endomysium

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10
Q

What band stays consistent with its length during a contraction?

A

A band (actin + myosin)

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11
Q

Which bands get smaller during a contraction?

A

I (actin) and H (myosin) bands

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12
Q

What makes up the triad?

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum + t tubule + sarcoplasmic reticulum

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13
Q

What is needed to have the muscle relax after each stroke?

A

ATP

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14
Q

Where are the nuclei located in skeletal muscle?

A

on both sides of the fiber

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15
Q

What is myomesin?

A

cross-links thick filaments that are next to each other at M line

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16
Q

What is titin?

A

forms elastic lattice that anchors thick filaments to Z disks

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17
Q

What is troponin?

A
  • binds Ca
  • binds to tropomyosin
  • binds to actin
18
Q

What is tropomyosin?

A

occupies grooves of the thin filaments

19
Q

What is C protein?

A

binds thick filaments at the M line

20
Q

What are the 2 types of muscle?

A

red and white muscle

21
Q

What is a muscle spindle?

A

sense what the contraction level is of a muscle

22
Q

What occurs during Ca depolarization?

A
  1. membrane depolarizes
  2. L-type Ca channel located in transverse tubule changes conformation
  3. ryanodine-sensitive Ca channel becomes present in sarcoplasmic reticulum to open and release Ca
  4. ryanodine channel releases Ca into sarcomere
  5. released Ca binds to troponin C and initiates contraction
23
Q

What is rigor mortis?

A

continued contraction of muscle due to lack of ATP

24
Q

What is the process of a contraction?

A
  1. need ATP for muscle contraction
  2. ATP broken down to ADP
  3. release of phosphate group
  4. release ADP to bind ATP for muscle relaxation
25
Q

What is a powerstroke in regards to a contraction?

A

conformation change leads to the release of ADP

26
Q

What is the vascularization of red and white muscle fibers?

A
  • red: rich vascular supply
  • white: poor vascular supply
27
Q

What is the contractiontion of red and white muscle fibers?

A
  • red: slow but repetitive; NOT easily fatigued; weaker contraction
  • white: fast but easily fatigued; stronger contraction
28
Q

What is the mitochondria composition in red and white muscle fibers?

A
  • red: numerous
  • white: few
29
Q

What is the myoglobin composition of red and white muscle fibers?

A
  • red: rich
  • white: poor
30
Q

What is the relationship between intrafusal and extrafusal fibers?

A

when intrafusal contracts, extrafusal relaxes

31
Q

What is needed to stimulate a skeletal muscle contraction?

A

Ach

32
Q

What is myasthenia gravis?

A

autoimmune disease where antibodies are produced against Ach receptors

33
Q

Where are intercalated disks located?

A

between cardiac muscle cells

34
Q

What are the components of the intercalated disk?

A

fascia adherens, desmosomes, and gap junctions

35
Q

What type of muscle has the least amount of sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

smooth muscle

36
Q

What regulates the smooth muscle contraction?

A

Ca/calmodulin

37
Q

What is the smooth muscle contraction system bound to?

A

the membrane and dense bodies made of alpha-actinin

38
Q

What are the 2 things unique to smooth muscle for a contraction?

A
  1. myosin lightchain kinase (MLCK)
  2. calmodulin
39
Q

What is the purpose of the calveola?

A

brings in Ca via pinocytosis to initiate contraction

40
Q

What are the 3 layers of smooth muscles?

A
  1. muscularis mucosa
  2. muscularis externa inner circular
  3. muscularis externa outer longitudinal

Histology (7 decks)

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