Connective Tissue

Question 1

Connective tissue ranges from what to what?

Answer 1

blood to bone

Question 2

What is the purpose of connective tissue?

Answer 2

supportive framework for organs and a continuous tissue compartment throughout the body

Question 3

How is connective tissue formed?

Answer 3

by several cell and fiber types located in the extracellular matrix

Question 4

What are the 3 categories of connective tissue?

Answer 4

embryonic, adult, special

Question 5

What is embryonic connective tissue?

Answer 5

largely hydrophilic extracellular matrix, few cells

Question 6

What is adult connective tissue?

Answer 6

variable proportions of cells, fibers, and extracellular matrix

Question 7

What is special connective tissue?

Answer 7

special properties NOT found in adult or embryonic tissue

Question 8

What are the 3 types of connective tissue?

Answer 8

mesenchyme, loose, dense

Question 9

What is loose connective tissue?

Answer 9

irregular (areolar); immune, GI, lymphocytes

Question 10

What are the 2 types of dense connective tissue?

Answer 10

irregular (fibers in different directions) and regular (bone ligament)

Question 11

What does specialized connective tissue include?

Answer 11

cartilage, bone, blood, adipose, hemopoietic, lymphatic

Question 12

What is mesenchyme tissue?

Answer 12

• differentiation into connective tissue during fetal development
• embryonic

Question 13

Boney spicules are present in what type of connective tissue?

Answer 13

mesenchyme

Question 14

What is the bone development in mesenchyme tissue?

Answer 14

flat from mesenchyme -> intramembranous

Question 15

What are the types of tissue found in adult connective tissue?

Answer 15

loose and dense

Question 16

What are the cell types within loose and dense connective tissue?

Answer 16

fibroblasts macrophages, mast cells

Question 17

What is the purpose of loose connective tissue?

Answer 17

1. surrounds blood vessels, nerves, tissues
2. facilitates movement and provides connections

Question 18

Loose connective tissue is composed of more …. than ….

Answer 18

cells; collagen/elastic fibers

Question 19

Dense connective tissue is composed of more …. than ….

Answer 19

collagen fibers; cells

Question 20

What are the 2 types of fibroblasts?

Answer 20

not terminally differentiated and terminally differentiated

Question 21

What does reticular (type 3 collagen) stain with?

Answer 21

silver (metal)

Question 22

What are the 4 major cell types found in connective tissue?

Answer 22

plasma, mast, macrophage, fibroblast

Question 23

What are the 3 types of fibers produced by fibroblasts?

Answer 23

1. collagen (type 4)
2. elastic
3. reticular (type 3 collagen)

Question 24

What is the purpose of fibroblasts?

Answer 24

synthesize collagen

Question 25

The process of synthesizing collagen includes what organelles?

Answer 25

1. rough ER: synthesis of pre and procollagen 2. golgi: packaging/secretion of procollagen 3. extracellular matrix: enzymatic processing, self aggregation, cross linking

Question 26

Mast cells produce what?

Answer 26

histamine

Question 27

What are the 2 types of mast cells?

Answer 27

mucosal and connective tissue proper

Question 28

Where are mucosal mast cells found?

Answer 28

in loose connective tissue under mucosal epithelium

Question 29

What cell is the largest in connective tissue?

Answer 29

mast cells

Question 30

What are the immune cells of connective tissue?

Answer 30

1. plasma: produces antibodies form beta lymphocytes 2. mast: produces response to allergic reaction 3. macrophages: have lysosomes

Question 31

What color do the 4 main types of cells stain under the microscope?

Answer 31

purple (H stain)

Question 32

What are the major components of the extracellular matrix?

Answer 32

proteoglycan aggregates

Question 33

What do proteoglycan aggregates consist of ?

Answer 33

glycosaminoglycans

Question 34

Glycosaminoglycans exist as proteins complex with what polysaccharides?

Answer 34

keratin sulfate and chondroitin sulfate

Question 35

What is the purpose of glycosaminoglycans?

Answer 35

control the biological function of proteoglycans by establishing links with cell surface components, growth factors, others

Question 36

The extracellular matrix is the site of what activities?

Answer 36

nutritive and degrading

Question 37

What are examples of glycoproteins?

Answer 37

fibronectin and laminin

Question 38

What constitutes the ground substance of connective tissue?

Answer 38

proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycan

Question 39

What does the function of the extracellular matrix rely on?

Answer 39

interactions between the ground substance molecules

Question 40

What major cell type synthesizes elastic fibers?

Answer 40

fibroblasts (smooth muscle cells and chondroblasts)

Question 41

How are mature elastic fibers formed?

Answer 41

when tropoelastin interacts with fibrillin to organize immature elastic fibers

Question 42

What are the 2 uncommon amino acids in elastin?

Answer 42

desmosine and isodesmosine

Question 43

What are the 2 types of dense irregular connective tissue?

Answer 43

reticular and elastic

Question 44

What is reticular tissue?

Answer 44

reticular fibers predominate, cells are fibroblasts

Question 45

What is elastic tissue?

Answer 45

elastic fibers made by either fibroblasts or smooth muscle cells

Question 46

Where can reticular tissue be found?

Answer 46

lymphoid organs

Question 47

Where is dense irregular tissue found?

Answer 47

in areas that enable force transmission but allow for some movement; multiple directions

Question 48

Where is dense regular tissue found?

Answer 48

in tendons, ligaments, cornea of the eye; transmission of physical force/light energy; unidirectional