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Histology > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Connective tissue ranges from what to what?

A

blood to bone

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2
Q

What is the purpose of connective tissue?

A

supportive framework for organs and a continuous tissue compartment throughout the body

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3
Q

How is connective tissue formed?

A

by several cell and fiber types located in the extracellular matrix

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4
Q

What are the 3 categories of connective tissue?

A

embryonic, adult, special

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5
Q

What is embryonic connective tissue?

A

largely hydrophilic extracellular matrix, few cells

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6
Q

What is adult connective tissue?

A

variable proportions of cells, fibers, and extracellular matrix

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7
Q

What is special connective tissue?

A

special properties NOT found in adult or embryonic tissue

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8
Q

What are the 3 types of connective tissue?

A

mesenchyme, loose, dense

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9
Q

What is loose connective tissue?

A

irregular (areolar); immune, GI, lymphocytes

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of dense connective tissue?

A

irregular (fibers in different directions) and regular (bone ligament)

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11
Q

What does specialized connective tissue include?

A

cartilage, bone, blood, adipose, hemopoietic, lymphatic

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12
Q

What is mesenchyme tissue?

A
  • differentiation into connective tissue during fetal development
  • embryonic
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13
Q

Boney spicules are present in what type of connective tissue?

A

mesenchyme

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14
Q

What is the bone development in mesenchyme tissue?

A

flat from mesenchyme -> intramembranous

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15
Q

What are the types of tissue found in adult connective tissue?

A

loose and dense

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16
Q

What are the cell types within loose and dense connective tissue?

A

fibroblasts macrophages, mast cells

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17
Q

What is the purpose of loose connective tissue?

A
  1. surrounds blood vessels, nerves, tissues
  2. facilitates movement and provides connections
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18
Q

Loose connective tissue is composed of more …. than ….

A

cells; collagen/elastic fibers

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19
Q

Dense connective tissue is composed of more …. than ….

A

collagen fibers; cells

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20
Q

What are the 2 types of fibroblasts?

A

not terminally differentiated and terminally differentiated

21
Q

What does reticular (type 3 collagen) stain with?

A

silver (metal)

22
Q

What are the 4 major cell types found in connective tissue?

A

plasma, mast, macrophage, fibroblast

23
Q

What are the 3 types of fibers produced by fibroblasts?

A
  1. collagen (type 4)
  2. elastic
  3. reticular (type 3 collagen)
24
Q

What is the purpose of fibroblasts?

A

synthesize collagen

25
Q

The process of synthesizing collagen includes what organelles?

A
  1. rough ER: synthesis of pre and procollagen
  2. golgi: packaging/secretion of procollagen
  3. extracellular matrix: enzymatic processing, self aggregation, cross linking
26
Q

Mast cells produce what?

A

histamine

27
Q

What are the 2 types of mast cells?

A

mucosal and connective tissue proper

28
Q

Where are mucosal mast cells found?

A

in loose connective tissue under mucosal epithelium

29
Q

What cell is the largest in connective tissue?

A

mast cells

30
Q

What are the immune cells of connective tissue?

A
  1. plasma: produces antibodies form beta lymphocytes
  2. mast: produces response to allergic reaction
  3. macrophages: have lysosomes
31
Q

What color do the 4 main types of cells stain under the microscope?

A

purple (H stain)

32
Q

What are the major components of the extracellular matrix?

A

proteoglycan aggregates

33
Q

What do proteoglycan aggregates consist of ?

A

glycosaminoglycans

34
Q

Glycosaminoglycans exist as proteins complex with what polysaccharides?

A

keratin sulfate and chondroitin sulfate

35
Q

What is the purpose of glycosaminoglycans?

A

control the biological function of proteoglycans by establishing links with cell surface components, growth factors, others

36
Q

The extracellular matrix is the site of what activities?

A

nutritive and degrading

37
Q

What are examples of glycoproteins?

A

fibronectin and laminin

38
Q

What constitutes the ground substance of connective tissue?

A

proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycan

39
Q

What does the function of the extracellular matrix rely on?

A

interactions between the ground substance molecules

40
Q

What major cell type synthesizes elastic fibers?

A

fibroblasts (smooth muscle cells and chondroblasts)

41
Q

How are mature elastic fibers formed?

A

when tropoelastin interacts with fibrillin to organize immature elastic fibers

42
Q

What are the 2 uncommon amino acids in elastin?

A

desmosine and isodesmosine

43
Q

What are the 2 types of dense irregular connective tissue?

A

reticular and elastic

44
Q

What is reticular tissue?

A

reticular fibers predominate, cells are fibroblasts

45
Q

What is elastic tissue?

A

elastic fibers made by either fibroblasts or smooth muscle cells

46
Q

Where can reticular tissue be found?

A

lymphoid organs

47
Q

Where is dense irregular tissue found?

A

in areas that enable force transmission but allow for some movement; multiple directions

48
Q

Where is dense regular tissue found?

A

in tendons, ligaments, cornea of the eye; transmission of physical force/light energy; unidirectional

Histology (7 decks)

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