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Musculoskeletal System > Nerve Palsies in the Limbs > Flashcards

Nerve Palsies in the Limbs Flashcards

1
Q

Nerves of the limbs

A

Nerve roots
Brachial/sacral and lumbar plexus
Peripheral nerves

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2
Q

Peripheral nerve of the upper limbs

A 
Axillary
Radial
Musculocuteneous
Ulnar
Median
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3
Q

Peripheral nerve of the lower limbs

A

Sciatic
Femoral
Common Peroneal
LFCN

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4
Q

Upper limb nerve palsies

A

Brachial plexus

Peripheral nerves

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5
Q

Brachial plexus palsies

A

Upper - Erb’s (C5,6)
Lower - Klumpke’s (C8, T1)
Total brachial plexus (C5, T1

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6
Q

Peripheral nerve palsies

A

Musculocuteneous (none)
Axillary (nerve palsy secondary to trauma)
Radial (nerve palsy secondary to compression or entrapment)
Ulnar (cubital tunnel syndrome)
Median (carpal tunnel sundrome)

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7
Q

Erb’s palsy

A 
C5, 6 (+/-C7)
Waiter’s Tip position:
Shoulder is adducted and internally rotated
Elbow is extended and pronated
Wrist is flexed
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8
Q

Klumpke’s palsy

A

Traction of C8, T1
Very rare
Affects small muscles of hand - claw hand

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9
Q

Which nerve wraps around the surgical neck of the humerus?

A

Axillary nerve

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10
Q

What does the axillary nerve innervate?

A

Deltoid and Teres Minor

Supplies skin over lateral arm- regimental badge area

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11
Q

Causes of axillary nerve palsy

A

Shoulder dislocation

Fracture of surgical neck of humerus (more commonly in osteoporosis

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12
Q

Which nerve runs in the radial groove of the humerus?

A

From medial to lateral

Radial nerve

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13
Q

Presentation of radial nerve palsy in axilla

A

Loss of elbow extension, wrist extension and sensory changes forearm and hand

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14
Q

Presentation of radial nerve palsy in arm

A

Loss of wrist extension and sensory loss

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15
Q

Presentation of radial nerve palsy in forearm

A

Loss of finger extension (PIN)

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16
Q

Presentation of radial nerve palsy at wrist

A

Loss of sensation (SRN)

17
Q

What are the components of the carpal tunnel?

A

Floor - carpal bones
Roof - flexor retinaculum
Contents - FDS x4, FDP x4, FPL and median nerve (ie 9 tendons and a nerve)

18
Q

Causes of carpal tunnel syndrome

A 
Developmental
Trauma
Swellings
Inflammatory
Metabolic
19
Q

Trauma as a cause of carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Distal radius fracture

20
Q

Swellings as a cause of carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Ganglion
Fibroma
Lipoma

21
Q

Inflammatory causes of carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Rheumatoid
Gout
TB
Amyloid

22
Q

Metabolic causes of carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Pregnancy
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Hypothyroidism

23
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome presentation

A

Nocturnal pain and parasthesia in part or all of the median nerve distribution
Wasting of the thenar muscles

24
Q

Where is the cubital tunnel?

A

Between medial epicondyle and olecranon, with fascial bands from FCU as roof

25
Q

Presentation of cubital tunnel syndrome

A

Numbness on ulnar side of hand and difficulty with fine tasks

26
Q

Ulnar nerve palsy presentation

A

Muscle wasting =>
1st webspace
Guttering
Hypothenar wasting

Ulnar claw hand (distal lesion has worse clawing as long flexors are intact)

27
Q

Sacral plexus ventral rami

A

L4 to S4

28
Q

Sciatic nerve branches

A

L4-S3

Tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve

29
Q

Which nerve wraps around neck of fibula?

A

Common peroneal nerve

30
Q

Common peroneal nerve palsy presentation

A

Foot drop

31
Q

Lumbar plexus branches

A 
L1-5
Main branches =>
LFCN
Femoral
Obturator
32
Q

What is meralgia parasthetica?

A

Altered sensation and pain of the lateral thigh

Compression of LFCN as it travels under lateral border of inguinal ligament

33
Q

LFCN

A

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

34
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

A

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis muscles
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

35
Q

What does the median nerve innervate?

A

Flexor muscles in the forearm
Thenar muscles
Lateral two lumbricals

36
Q

What does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum profundus
Intrinsic muscles of the hand

37
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

A

Palmaris brevis
Medial two lumbricals
Hypothenar muscles
Interossei muscles

38
Q

Which muscles does the radial nerve innervate?

A

Triceps brachii
Anconæus
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus

Musculoskeletal System (19 decks)

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