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Musculoskeletal System > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the axilla?

A

Pyramidal space below the shoulder joint, provides a passageway for vessels and nerves going to and from the upper limb

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2
Q

What forms the anterior wall of the axilla?

A

Pectoralis major and minor muscles

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3
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the axilla?

A

Latissimus dorsi
Scapularis
Teres major muscles

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4
Q

What forms the medial wall of the axilla?

A

Thoracic wall

Serratus anterior muscle

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5
Q

What forms the lateral wall of the axilla?

A

Intertubular sulcus of the humerus

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6
Q

What is the axillary artery a continuation of, where does it begin and how does it continue?

A

Subclavian artery
Lateral margin of first rib
Brachial artery

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7
Q

Which central rami form the brachial plexus?

A

C5 - T1

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8
Q

What are the branches of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Lateral pectoral
Lateral root of the median nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve

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9
Q

What are the branches of the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

A 
Medial pectoral
Medial root of the median nerve
Medial cutaneous nerve of arm
Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
Ulnar nerve
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10
Q

What are the branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve
Subscapular nerve (upper and lower)
Axillary nerve
Radial nerve

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11
Q

Which vein arises at the lateral end of the dorsal venous arch?

A

Cephalic vein

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12
Q

Which vein arises at the lateral end of the dorsal venous arch?

A

Basilic vein

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13
Q

Which vein shunts blood from the cephalic to the basilic vein?

A

Median cubital

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14
Q

Where do lymphatic vessels from the upper limb drain into?

A

Axillary lymph nodes

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15
Q

What does the pectoral girdle consist of?

A

Clavicle and scapula

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16
Q

At which joint does the upper limb articulate with the pectoral girdle?

A

Acromioclavicular

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17
Q

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular?

A

Synovial plane

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18
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular?

A

Synovial saddle

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19
Q

Muscles involved in elevation of the scapula

A

Superior trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids

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20
Q

Muscles involved in depression of the scapula

A

Inferior trapezius

Pectoralis minor

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21
Q

Muscles involved in protraction of the scapula

A

Serratus anterior

Pectoralis minor

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22
Q

Muscles involved in retraction of the scapula

A

Trapezius (middle fibres)

Rhomboids

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23
Q

Muscles involved in lateral rotation of the scapula

A

Superior and inferior trapezius

Serratus anterior

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24
Q

Muscles involved in medial rotation of the scapula

A

Levator scapulae
Rhomboids
Pectoralis minor

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25
Q

Retraction of the scapula

A

Backwards

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26
Q

What type of joint is at the glenoid cavity and head of humerus?

A

Synovial ball and socket

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27
Q

What is the name of the ring of cartilage that surrounds the socket of the head of the humerus?

A

Glenoid labrum

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28
Q

What is the function of the glenoid labrum?

A

Allows deepening of the articular point

29
Q

Whta is the purpose of the coracohumeral ligament?

A

Strengthens the superior aspect of the joint capsule

30
Q

What is the function of the coraco-acromial arch?

A

Prevents displacement of humeral head

31
Q

What is the coraco-acromial arch?

A

Inferior aspect of acromion and coracoid process of scapula and coracoacromial ligament

32
Q

What is the function of the coraco-acromial arch?

A

Prevents displacement of the humoral head

33
Q

Which is the weakest part of the shoulder joint capsule and why?

A

Inferior part

Not protected by muscles or ligaments

34
Q

What do bursae provide for joints?

A

Cushioning around them

35
Q

What does the subacromial bursa do?

A

Reduces friction

36
Q

What are the 4 movements of the shoulder joint?

A

Flexion/extension
Abduction/adduction
Circumduction
Medial/lateral rotation

37
Q

What is the role of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Movement and stability

38
Q

What is the role of the anterior fibres of the deltoid?

A

Flexion and medial rotation

39
Q

What is the role of the middle fibres of the deltoid?

A

Abduction at the shoulder joint

40
Q

What is the role of the posterior fibres of the deltoid?

A

Extension and lateral rotation of the shoulder joint

41
Q

What is the nerve supply of the deltoid?

A

Axillary nerve (C5, 6)

42
Q

What is the action of the pectoralis major at the shoulder joint?

A

Flexes and medially rotates humerus at the glenohumeral joint

43
Q

What is the deltopectoral triangle?

A

Triangulatr space below clavicle, between deltoid and pectoralis major

44
Q

What vessel is in the deltopectoral triangle?

A

Subclavian vein

45
Q

What is the nerve supply of the serratus anterior?

A

Brachial plexus

46
Q

What is the nerve supply of the trapezius?

A

CN XI

47
Q

What is the most anterior muscle of the anterior arm?

A

Biceps brachii

48
Q

Where droes the biceps brachii arise from?

A

Scapula

49
Q

Where does the tendon of the biceps insert into?

A

Tuberosity of the radius

50
Q

What is the action of the biceps on the shoulder and elbow joints?

A

Flexion

51
Q

What is the action of the biceps on the radio-ulnar joint?

A

Supination

52
Q

From where does the short head of the biceps brachii arise?

A

Coracoid process along with the coracoradialis

53
Q

From where does the long head of the biceps brachii arise?

A

Supraglenoid tubercle, and runs in the bicipital groove of the humerus

54
Q

Which head of the biceps runs along the bicipital groove of the humerus?

A

Long head

55
Q

What is the nerve supply of the biceps brachii?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, 6, 7)

56
Q

What are the nerve roots of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

C5, 6, 7

57
Q

What are the nerve roots of the median nerve?

A

C5-8, T1

58
Q

What are the nerve roots of the ulnar nerve?

A

C8, T1

59
Q

What are the nerve roots of the axillary nerve?

A

C5, 6

60
Q

What are the nerve roots of the radial nerve?

A

C5-8, T1

61
Q

Where does the coracobrachialis arise from and insert into?

A

Arises from tip of coracoid process

Inserts into medial margin of the humerus

62
Q

What is the action of the coracobrachialis?

A

Abducts humerus, flexion at shoulder joint

63
Q

What is the nerve supply of the coracobrachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

64
Q

What is the action of the brachialis?

A

Flexion of elbow

65
Q

What is the main nerve of the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

Musculocutaneous

66
Q

Which muscles are supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

67
Q

Which nerve supplies the thenar muscles of the hand?

A

Median nerve

68
Q

What is the cubital fossa?

A

Triangular depresssion or hollow in front of the elbow

Musculoskeletal System (19 decks)

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