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Locomotor > Nerve and blood supply to the upper limb > Flashcards

Nerve and blood supply to the upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

what are the arteries in the upper limb

A
  • Axillary artery
  • Brachial artery
  • Radial artery
  • Ulnar artery
  • Palmar arches and digital branches
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2
Q

where does the subclavian artery travel

A
  • it travels underneath the clavicle
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3
Q

where does the axillary artery start and end

A
  • Axillary artery 1st rib to inferior edge of teres major
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4
Q

what is the axilla

A

space between thoracic cage and shoulder joint

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5
Q

where does the brachial artery start and end

A

starts at the inferior edge of teres major and runs through the cubital fossa where it then splits into the radial and ulnar artery

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6
Q

where does the brachial artery run

A
  • Brachial artery is on the medial aspect of the anterior compartment, lateral to the biceps
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7
Q

what artery does the axillary artery gives off

A
  • gives of the anterior circumflex and the posterior circumflex humeral artery
  • these anatomise with each other
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8
Q

what artery does the brachial artery give off

A

– gives of profunda brachial
– this blood vessel passes into the posterior compartment of the arm and supplies the triceps in the posterior part of the arm

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9
Q

what are collateral arteries

A
  • Around the elbow there are collateral arteries – these are smaller blood vessels that run around the joint and are an alternative root for blood to flow around, they allow continuous blood supply during movement at the joint
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10
Q

what does the brachial arteries split into

A
  • splits into the radial and the ulnar arteries
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11
Q

where is the radial and ulnar arteries

A
  • they are in the anterior compartment
  • radial runs superficial to the radius
  • ulnar runs superficial to the ulnar artery
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12
Q

what artery does the ulnar artery give off

A

anterior interosseous artery

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13
Q

what does the ulnar artery form in the hand

A
  • Ulnar artery runs superficial to the carpal bones then enters the hand and forms the superficial palmer artery
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14
Q

what does the radial artery form in the hand

A
  • radial artery runs posterior to the thumb b and runs through the anatomical snuff box and forms the deeper planar arches
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15
Q

what do the deep and superficial palmar arteries do and why is this important

A
  • They both anatomise with each other- this is important in terms of the forearm as you can twist the forearm therefore when you pronate the arm you twist the radial artery and compress it therefore it allows continuity of flow to the fingers
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16
Q

what type of veins are in the arm

A
  • Deep veins- in the deep muscle compartments themselves and have the same name as the arteries
  • Superficial – these are veins that are in the superficial fascia
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17
Q

what are the superficial veins in the upper limb

A
  • Cephalic – runs along the lateral aspect of the upper limb then between the deltoid
  • Basilic
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18
Q

what joins the cephalic and basilica arteries together

A
  • the median cubital
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19
Q

what is the brachial plexus

A
  • This is a major network of nerves that provide sensory and motor innervation to the upper limb
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20
Q

what spinal segments is the brachial plexus from

A

C5-T1

21
Q

what nerves form the brachial plexus and what is the spinal segments

A
  • MOST ALCOHOLICS MUST REALLY URINATE
  • Musculocutaenous – C5-C7
  • Axillary – C5-C6
  • Medial – C5-T1
  • Radial – C5-T1
  • Ulnar – C8-T1
22
Q

what does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate

A
  • They supply the flexor compartment of the arm
  • biceps brachialis
  • Brachialis
  • Coracobrachialis
  • therefore they innervate the muscles that are in the anterior compartment of the arm
23
Q

what is the sensory innervation of the musculocutaneous nerve

A
  • The sensory fibres of the musculocutaneous nerve are sensory fibres innervate het skin of the lateral forearm
24
Q

what does the axillary nerve provide innervation to

A
  • The axillary nerve provides motor innervation to deltoid and teres minor (rotator cuffs) and sensory innervation to the skin over the deltoid muscle
  • involved in abduction and external rotation
25
Q

describe the pathway of the axillary nerve

A
  • Goes underneath the shoulder joint and emerges posteriorly between the two heads of the biceps
26
Q

what can cause damage to the axillary nerve

A

dislocation of shoulder or fracture of humeral neck

27
Q

what does damage to the axillary nerve cause

A
  • Resulting in a loss of shoulder abduction beyond 15 degrees
  • a sensory loss on the lateral aspect of the proximal part of the arm - regimental patch
  • wasting of deltoid muscle due to damage of the axillary nerve
28
Q

what does the median nerve innervate

A
  • It then innervates muscles in the forearm
  • Innervates the majority flexors of the forearm
  • 1 and a half of flexors in the forearm are not innervated by the median nerve
  • therefore it is in the anterior compartment of the forearm
29
Q

describe the pathway of the median nerve

A
  • travels through he brachial artery through the arm but it does not innervate the arm
  • It runs with the brachial artery anterior to the elbow join through the cubital fossa
    • Then travels through the carpal tunnel to reach the hand where it supplies the muscles of the thumb
30
Q

what is the sensory innervation of the median nerve

A
  • Sensory fibres innervate the skin over lateral palm, digits 1-3.5 (thumb to half of the ring finger)
31
Q

what can effect the median nerve and cause damage

A
  • the median never goes through the carpal tunnel, this is a compact and tight space
  • inflammation of any of the tendons can effect the median nerve
32
Q

what does the radial nerve innervate

A
  • It innervates the posterior comparmetn of the arm and the forearm (extensors of the elbow and wrist)
33
Q

where does the radial nerve run

A
  • Passes into the posterior compartment of the arm and runs in the radial groove deep to the triceps brachii
34
Q

what is the sensory innervation of the radial nerve

A
  • Sensory fibres innervate the skin over posterior arm to wrist, dorsal hand
  • Base of digits 1-3 & thumb
35
Q

what does the ulnar nerve innervate

A
  • Innervates 1 and a half muscles

- It innervates all of flexor carpi ulnaris and half of flexor digitorum profundus

36
Q

where does the ulnar nerve run

A
  • Runs medially in the arm travels with the brachial artery
  • Posterior to the medial epicondyle and then enters the forearm
  • It then runs into the hand and innervates most of the intrinsic muscles of the hand
37
Q

what is the sensory innervation of the ulnar nerve

A
  • The sensory fibres innervate the skin over medial dorsal and plantar hand,
  • Digits 3.5 – 5
38
Q

where does damage to the ulnar artery present itself

A

Any damage to the ulnar nerve presents in the hand as it tends to innervate the hand

39
Q

what is effected if there is damage to the superior trunk

A
  • damage is to the superior trunk between C5-C6 roots this effects the musculatenous nerve, axillary nerve and medial nerve and can effect the radial nerve
  • this can lead to erbs palsy
40
Q

what is Erb’s Palsy

A
  • this is when there is damage to the superior trunk

- this is caused by an excessive angle between the shoulder and neck

41
Q

what are the presentations of Erb’s Palsy

A
  • adducted shoulder
  • medially rotated arm
  • extended elbow
  • pronated forearm
  • wrist flexed
42
Q

what is effected when the inferior trunk is damaged

A
  • effects C8-T1
  • ulnar nerve
  • medial nerve
  • radial nerve
43
Q

what is klumpke palsy

A
  • Inferior trunk damaged

- Avulsion of the lower roots affect the small muscles within the hands and a claw hand results

44
Q

what are the 3 important branches of the brachial plexus

A
  • Long throaicic nerve – C5,C6,C7
  • Throacodosral nereve – comes from posterior nerve trunk
  • Suprascapular nerve – C5-C6
45
Q

what muscles does the long thoracic innervate

A
  • C5, C6, C7

* Innervates Serratus anterior – keeps scapula close to back

46
Q

what muscles do the thoracodorsal innervate

A
  • C6, C7, C8

* Innervates Latissimus dorsi

47
Q

what muscles do the supra scapular innervate

A
  • C5, C6
  • Innervates Supraspinatus, infraspinatus (both from rotator cuff)
  • Damage leads to wasting
48
Q

what happens when there is damage to the long thoracic nerve

A
  • Damage to this nerve causes wings to develop in the scapula
  • C5,C6,C7 wings to heaven

Locomotor (22 decks)

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