Introduction into Locomotor Flashcards
flexion
decreasing the angle between the body part and the body
extension
increasing the angle between the body part and body
hyperextension
– going beyond the normal range of extension
abduct
take limb away from the main body
adduct
moving it back toward the limb
medial rotation
rotates it towards the midline
lateral rotation
lateral rotation moves it away from the midline
circumduction
– flexion extension, abduction and adduction
inversion
– little toe still on the ground
what are the movements of the shoulder
- Can protract and retract the shoulder, this increases the range of movement that you have naturally at the shoulder joint
eversion
big toe still on the ground
what does the brain do in locomotion
• Brain integrates locomotion
what does the muscles do
• Muscles move bones via joints
what do nerves do
• Nerves make muscles work and monitor movement
what are joints between
- joints are between bones
what are the two skeletons
- axial skeleton
- appendicular skeleton
what makes up the axial Skeleton
- Skull
- Ribs, manubrium, sternum
- Vertebrae
what makes up the appendicular skeleton
upper limb
lower limb
name some fibrous joints
- sutures in the skull
- syndesmosis
name some cartilaginous joints
- synchrondosis - head of bone
- symphysis - intervertebral disc
name the synovial joints
- ball and socket
- hinge
- saddle
- pivot
- plane
- condolyoid
what do muscles do
Move bones and hold them in place – movement and posture (skeletal muscle)
where do muscles attach
- they attach muscles to bone directly or indirectly by tendons and fascia
what is a facial compartment
Groups of muscles with similar functions with the same nerve supply are located within the same fascial compartments
what is a superficial fascia
Loose connective tissue between dermis and deep fascia
what is deep fascia
Deep fascia attach to ridges on bones blending with periosteum
Forms a tough dense fibrous membrane enclosing a compartment
within the compartment…
each muscle has its own connective tissue
what happens near the joints of the wrist and ankles
- this is where the deep fascia becomes thickened
what holds tendons in place
- retinaculum - these hold tendons in place as they cross the joint during flexion and extension - makes sure they don’t get damaged and flap about
what is a role of msucuarl compartments
- helps stables joints aiding the ligaments
- push blood back up the veins
what is the lliotibilal tract do
- the lliotibila tract helps stables the hip and knee joints
- it runs from the iliac crest and goes all the way down to the tibia on the knee
- stabilises the lateral side of the leg
how does muscle contraction pump blood back
- Force of muscle contraction directed towards the skeleton
- Deep veins compressed so blood is pumped upwards against gravity
- Helped by valves within veins so flow is only in one direction
what is a negative aspect of muscle compartments
- they interconnect therefore if they contain a infection or a tumour then this can spread
