Introduction into Locomotor

Question 1

flexion

Answer 1

decreasing the angle between the body part and the body

Question 2

extension

Answer 2

increasing the angle between the body part and body

Question 3

hyperextension

Answer 3

– going beyond the normal range of extension

Question 4

abduct

Answer 4

take limb away from the main body

Question 5

adduct

Answer 5

moving it back toward the limb

Question 6

medial rotation

Answer 6

rotates it towards the midline

Question 7

lateral rotation

Answer 7

lateral rotation moves it away from the midline

Question 8

circumduction

Answer 8

– flexion extension, abduction and adduction

Question 9

inversion

Answer 9

– little toe still on the ground

Question 10

what are the movements of the shoulder

Answer 10

• Can protract and retract the shoulder, this increases the range of movement that you have naturally at the shoulder joint

Question 11

eversion

Answer 11

big toe still on the ground

Question 12

what does the brain do in locomotion

Answer 12

• Brain integrates locomotion

Question 13

what does the muscles do

Answer 13

• Muscles move bones via joints

Question 14

what do nerves do

Answer 14

• Nerves make muscles work and monitor movement

Question 15

what are joints between

Answer 15

• joints are between bones

Question 16

what are the two skeletons

Answer 16

• axial skeleton

- appendicular skeleton

Question 17

what makes up the axial Skeleton

Answer 17

• Skull
• Ribs, manubrium, sternum
• Vertebrae

Question 18

what makes up the appendicular skeleton

Answer 18

upper limb

lower limb

Question 19

name some fibrous joints

Answer 19

• sutures in the skull

- syndesmosis

Question 20

name some cartilaginous joints

Answer 20

• synchrondosis - head of bone

- symphysis - intervertebral disc

Question 21

name the synovial joints

Answer 21

• ball and socket
• hinge
• saddle
• pivot
• plane
• condolyoid

Question 22

what do muscles do

Answer 22

Move bones and hold them in place – movement and posture (skeletal muscle)

Question 23

where do muscles attach

Answer 23

• they attach muscles to bone directly or indirectly by tendons and fascia

Question 24

what is a facial compartment

Answer 24

Groups of muscles with similar functions with the same nerve supply are located within the same fascial compartments

Question 25

what is a superficial fascia

Answer 25

Loose connective tissue between dermis and deep fascia

Question 26

what is deep fascia

Answer 26

Deep fascia attach to ridges on bones blending with periosteum
Forms a tough dense fibrous membrane enclosing a compartment

Question 27

within the compartment…

Answer 27

each muscle has its own connective tissue

Question 28

what happens near the joints of the wrist and ankles

Answer 28

• this is where the deep fascia becomes thickened

Question 29

what holds tendons in place

Answer 29

• retinaculum - these hold tendons in place as they cross the joint during flexion and extension - makes sure they don’t get damaged and flap about

Question 30

what is a role of msucuarl compartments

Answer 30

• helps stables joints aiding the ligaments

- push blood back up the veins

Question 31

what is the lliotibilal tract do

Answer 31

• the lliotibila tract helps stables the hip and knee joints
• it runs from the iliac crest and goes all the way down to the tibia on the knee
• stabilises the lateral side of the leg

Question 32

how does muscle contraction pump blood back

Answer 32

• Force of muscle contraction directed towards the skeleton
• Deep veins compressed so blood is pumped upwards against gravity
• Helped by valves within veins so flow is only in one direction

Question 33

what is a negative aspect of muscle compartments

Answer 33

• they interconnect therefore if they contain a infection or a tumour then this can spread