Nephrology Flashcards
what type of anaemia is associated with chronic kidney disease
Normochromic normocytic anaemia
What is the main cause of anaemia in Chronic Kidney Disease
Reduced erythropoietin (EPO) production
what are the complications of later stages of CKD (3-5)
Normochromic normocytic anaemia due to low EPO levels
Bone mineral disease due to secondary hyperparathyroidism
Fluid overload
Metabolic acidosis
How do you differentiate pre-renal uraemia vs acute tubular necrosis (ATN)
in pre-renal uraemia, the kidney holds onto sodium to preserve volume so serum urea:cretinine ratio is high and urine sodium level is low.
If contrast enhanced CT scan is needed for investigating other stuff like cancer in a patient with CKD, what do you need to do?
Give 0.9% sodium (IV) at 1ml/kg/hr for 12 hours before and after the contrast scan
Pulmonary haemorrhage + rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis = ?
Goodpasture’s Syndrome
What can u find on renal biopsy from a patient w Goodpasture’s
linear IgG on the basement membrane
What causes Goodpastures?
Anti-GBM
Diabetes Nephropathy: Big or small kidney?
Bilaterally enlarged
CKD: Big or small kidney?
Bilaterally shrunken kidneys
what kind of diuretic do u use for ascites?
spironolactone
Kid gets haematuria after upper respiratory tract infection
IgA nephropathy
What is the difference between post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis and IgA nephropathy?
PSG develops 2 weeks after URTI.
IgA N develops 1-2 days after URTI.
what is the most common extra-renal complication of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
liver cyst (70%) –> subarachnoid haemorrhage due to berry aneurysm (7%)
what is the screening test for adult ADPKD?
ultrasound
