Nephrology Flashcards
Medications that cause hyperkalemia?
ACEI, ARBS, pot sparing diuretics, beta blockers, dig, NSAIds, azole antifungals
65 year old male with hematuria and vague back pain, PEx normal. Lek 5500, and Hgb 21.8. Diagnosis?
renal cell carcinoma
Management of patient with 5 mm renal stone?
pain control
alpha blocker
Major categories of acute kidney injury?
prerenal -underperfusion of kidneys postrenal - obstruction in the urinary tract intrinsic
38 year old male has hemoptysis and chronic sinusitis. Urine shows microscopic hematuria. Type of glomerulonephritis? Tx of glomerulonephritis?
granulomatosis with polyangiitis
tx: cyclophosphamide
glucocorticoids
57 year old man with diabetes and no complaints. normal hub A1c. LDL and albumin elevated. What class of meds should he begin?
ACEI/ARB
prerenal azotemia causes what FeNA?
FeNa < 1%
Medications that cause hypokalemia?
beta agonists insulin thiazide loop diuretics chloroquine
Patient with 120 serum sodium and urine osm elevated. Tx?
SIADH, tx underlying problem
- water restrict, sodium supplement
- loop diuretic
- vaso receptor antagonist – conivaptan/tolvaptan
Treatment of RTA types?
RTA type 1/2: bicarb, potassium, diuretics
RTA type 4: fludrocortisone, restrict pot
Causes of metabolic acidosis with elevated anion gap?
M - methanol U- uremia D - DKA P - propylene glycol I - iron tablets, INH L - lactic acid E - ethylene glycol S - salicylates
Tx of aspirin tox?
activated charcoal
IV sodium bicarb
hemodialysis
tx of pyelo?
ceftriaxone, cefepime, cipro, levo
Diuretic/class used for: acute pulmonary edema?
loop diuretic
Diuretic/class used for: idiopathic hypercalciuria causing calcium stones?
thiazide diuretic
Diuretic/class used for: glaucoma
acetazolamide
Diuretic/class used for: mild to moderate CHF and expanded extracellular volume
loop diuretic, aldosterone antagonist
diuretics used with loop or thiazide
potassium sparing diuretics
Diuretic/class used for: edema with nephrotic syndrome
loop diuretics
Diuretic/class used for: increased ICP
mannitol
Diuretic/class used for: hypercalcemia
loop diuretic
Diuretic/class used for: altitude sickness
acetazolamide
Diuretic/class used for: hyperaldosteronism
spironolactone/eplerenone
tx for hypercalcemia
IV hydration
calcitonin
bisphosphonates
glucocorticoids
most common cause of interstitial nephritis
meds
- abx
- beta lactams
- sulfonamides
- aminoglycosides
Woman with body stiffness and muscle spams who had a thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism. Ipsilateral contraction of the facial muscles when tapping the cheek just anterior to the ear. Cause? Tx?
hypocalcemia
calcium
vit D
calcitriol
recombinant human PTH
