Internal medicine Flashcards
tx of acute CHF exacerbation?
NO LIP
nitrates, oxygen, loop diuretics, inotropic drugs, positioning
Medications that help with aortic regurg?
ACEI/CCB
vasculitis of kidney upper airway and lungs?
wegeners - granulomatosis with polyangiitis
vasculitis of kidney and GI tract, spares lungs
PAN
vasculitis with palpable purpura of legs, associated with IgA
henoch schonlein
vasculitis in young asthmatic
churg strauss- eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis
vasculitis in young male smoker
berger - thromboangiitis obliterans
vasculitis of 2 year old asian girl with strawberry tongue and desquamation of hands/feet
kawasaki
vasculitis of asian woman with weak pulses in upper extremities
takayasu
vasculitis of elderly woman with unilateral headache and jaw claudication
giant cell arteritis
vasculitis associated with Hep B
PAN
Vasculitis associated wqith perforation of the nasal septum
wegeners
vasculitis associated with polymyalgia rheumatica
giant cell arteritis
medications whih reduce mortality in patients with CHF
ACEI/ARBs, beta blockers, aldosterone antagonists
Two types of aortic dissection? TX of each?
stanford A - asc aorta involved
- surgical repair, iv beta blockers, icu
stanford b - only descending aorta
- medical management
tx of prolactinoma?
dopamine agonist - bromocriptine, cabergoline
pt in shock with hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia. Cause? management?
adrenal crisis
fluids, steroids, iv glucose, electrolytes, tx cause
tx of pheochromocytoma?
phentolamine or phenoxybenzamine (alpha blockers)
diagnosis of bone pain, lytic lesions, enlarged skull wioth normal calcium, phosphate, creatinine, and hgb?
paget disease
malignancy associated with tumor marker: AFP
hepatocellular carcinoma, testicular, gastric
malignancy associated with tumor marker: alkaline phosphatase
bone mets
malignancy associated with tumor marker: CA-125
ovarian cancer
malignancy associated with tumor marker: CA 19-9
pancreatic
malignancy associated with tumor marker: CEA
colon cancer, pancreatic cancer
malignancy associated with tumor marker: PSA
prostate
malignancy associated with tumor marker: S-100
melanoma, schwannoma
malignancy associated with chronic hep B?
hepatocellular CA
patient with diarrhea, abd pain, flushing, elevated 5-HIAA. Dx? site of tumor? medical tx?
carcinoid, small intestine, somatostatin analog (octreotide, lanreotide)
tumor with elevated gastrin? associated with what?
gastrinoma, associated with MEN1 (hyperpara, pit adenoma, pancreatic tumor)
paraneoplastic syndrome associated with small cell lung cancer?
SIADH, cushing, lambert-eaton myasthenic syndrome
paraneoplastic syndrome associated with squamous cell lung ca?
hypercalcemia (PTHrP)
pneumoconiosis associated with ship building, roofing, plumbing, brake mechanics?
asbestosis
pneumoconiosis associted with foundries, sandblasting and mining
silicosis
pneumoconiosis associated with coal mines, large urban centers and tobacco smoke
coal worker’s
pneumoconiosis associated with exposure in the nuclear and aerospace industry
berylliosis
vent settings for ARDS?
low tidal volume, high PEEP
tx of histoplasmosis?
itraconazole, ampho
tx of blastomycosis?
itraconazole, ampho
tx of coccidiodomycosis
fluconazole. ketoconazole, itraconazole
tx of acute gout?
NSAIDS, colchicine, glucocorticoids
tx of chronic gout?
allopurinol, febuxostat, probenecid
patient with l.eft sided chest pain, malaise, fever, and joint pains. photosensitivity rash, anemic. Dx? initial test for diagnosis? serologic test most specific?
SLE
ANA
anti-dsDNA abd
anti-smith abd
asymmetric arthritis preceded by GI or GU infection?
reiters
inflammatory back pain + “bamboo spine on xray
ankylosing spondylitis
skin plaques with silvery scaling _ pitting of the nails _ arthritis?
psoriatic arthritis
patient with RA, what specific lab test confirms diagnosis? How is diagnosis treated?
anti-citrullinated protein antibody
DMARDS - sulfasalazine, methotrex
NSAIDS
glucocorticoids
medications that cause drug induced lupus?
SHIPP
sulfonamides hydralazine isoniazid phenytoin procainamide
disorder associated with anti-dsDNA
lupus
disorder associated with anti-histone
drug induced lupus
disorder associated with anti-La/SSB
sjogren syndrome
disorder associated with anti-smith
lupus
disorder associated with anti-topoisomerase
scleroderma
disorder associated with anticentromere
CREST scleroderma
first line tx for raynauds?
CCB nifedipine, amlodipine
contraindication of sildanafil?
taking nitros
vitamin deficiency with macrocytic anemia and hypersegmented neutrophils?
B12 or folate defn
vitamin deficiency with swollen gums, poor wound healing, bleedin gmucous membranes, spots on the skin
vit C defn
vitamin deficiency with dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia
niacin (vit B3) defn
vitamin deficiency with hermorrhagic disease
vit K
vitamin deficiency with neural tube defects
folate defn
vitamin defn with pernicious anemia?
vit B12
vitamin defn which may result from kidney disease
vit D
vitamin defn with bitot spots, keratomalacia, xerophthalmia
vit A
vitamin defn with cheilosis and glossitis
vit B (B2, B3, B9, B12)
v itamin dwefn with dilated cardiomyopathy, edmea, polyneuropathy
vitamin B1 (thiamine)
non surgical options for BPH?
alpha 1 blockers - doxazosin, terazosin, tamsulosin
5alpha reductase inhibitors - finasteride, dutasteride