Nephrology

Question 1

Hematuria

Answer 1

> 5 RBCs/hpf

Question 2

Presents with gross/microscopic hematuria associated with URTI or GI infection 1-2 days prior its onset.

Answer 2

IgA nephropathy

Question 3

Presents with normal c3 levels

Answer 3

IgA nephropathy

Question 4

X-linked disease due to mutation of COL4A5 gene

Answer 4

Alport syndrome (Hereditary nephritis)

Question 5

Presents with Asymptomatic microscopic hematuria, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and ocular abnormalities.

Answer 5

Alports syndrome

Question 6

Pathognomonic sign of Alport syndrome

Answer 6

Anterior lenticonus

Question 7

Presents with tea colored urine, periorbital edema, hypertension, and oliguria

Answer 7

PSGN

Question 8

Low serum C3

+ ASO titers

Answer 8

PSGN

Question 9

Usually follows an infection of the throat or skin

Answer 9

PSGN

Question 10

Histopathologic finding of crescents in the majority of the glomeruli

Answer 10

Rapidly progressing glumerulonephritis

Question 11

Triad of HUS

Answer 11

microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
thrombocytopenia
acute renal failure

Question 12

HUS vs TTP

Answer 12

TTP has the same triad but can include CNS involvement and fever
Also gradual in onset

Question 13

Onset is preceded by gastroenteritis

Answer 13

HUS

Question 14

Peripheral smear shows burr cells, helmet cells, fragmented RBCs

Answer 14

HUS

Question 15

Most common form of HUS is due to what organism

Answer 15

verotoxin producing E. coli (VTEC) 0157:H7

Question 16

Manifests as sudden onset of gross or microscopic hematuria and UNILATERAL or bilateral flank masses

Answer 16

Renal Vein thrombosis

Question 17

Confirmatory test for RVT

Answer 17

Doppler flow of IVC and renal vein

Question 18

BOTH kidneys are markedly enlarged and grossly show innumerable cysts throughout the cortex and medulla

Answer 18

Polycyclic Kidney Disease

Question 19

Bilateral flank masses during the neonatal period or early infancy

Answer 19

Polycystic Kidney Disease

Question 20

Potter facies or oligohydramnios complex

Answer 20

Polycystic Kidney Disease

Question 21

Most common serious bacterial infection in less than 2 yrs old who have fever without a focus

Answer 21

Pyelonephritis

Question 22

Manifests with gross hematuria and dysuria; urgency, frequency, malodorous urine, incontinence and supra public pain

Answer 22

Cystitis

Question 23

+ urine culture without manifestations of infection

Benign and does not cause renal injury except in pregnancy

Answer 23

Asymptomatic bacteriuria

Question 24

+ UTI cultur shows?

Answer 24

> 100,000 colonies of a single pathogen or >10,000 and is symptomatic

Question 25

Most common form of Nephrotic syndrome

Answer 25

Minimal change disease

Also known as: nil disease or lipoid nephrosis

Question 26

T/F in nephrotic syndrome gross hematuria and hypertension in uncommon

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

What vaccines are to be given to patients with NS

Answer 27

If - varicella titer, give vaccine in remission

Influenza vaccine given yearly

Question 28

What is the major complication of NS?

Answer 28

Infection

Question 29

Steroid resistant form of NS which has a poorer prognosis and may proceed to ESRD

Answer 29

Focal segmental glumerulonephritis

Question 30

Heavy proteinuria(40mg/m2/her)
Hypoalbuminemia (less than 2.5 g/dL)
Edema
Hyperlipidemia

Answer 30

Nephrotic syndrome