Nephrology Flashcards
Hematuria
> 5 RBCs/hpf
Presents with gross/microscopic hematuria associated with URTI or GI infection 1-2 days prior its onset.
IgA nephropathy
Presents with normal c3 levels
IgA nephropathy
X-linked disease due to mutation of COL4A5 gene
Alport syndrome (Hereditary nephritis)
Presents with Asymptomatic microscopic hematuria, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and ocular abnormalities.
Alports syndrome
Pathognomonic sign of Alport syndrome
Anterior lenticonus
Presents with tea colored urine, periorbital edema, hypertension, and oliguria
PSGN
Low serum C3
+ ASO titers
PSGN
Usually follows an infection of the throat or skin
PSGN
Histopathologic finding of crescents in the majority of the glomeruli
Rapidly progressing glumerulonephritis
Triad of HUS
microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
thrombocytopenia
acute renal failure
HUS vs TTP
TTP has the same triad but can include CNS involvement and fever
Also gradual in onset
Onset is preceded by gastroenteritis
HUS
Peripheral smear shows burr cells, helmet cells, fragmented RBCs
HUS
Most common form of HUS is due to what organism
verotoxin producing E. coli (VTEC) 0157:H7
Manifests as sudden onset of gross or microscopic hematuria and UNILATERAL or bilateral flank masses
Renal Vein thrombosis
Confirmatory test for RVT
Doppler flow of IVC and renal vein
BOTH kidneys are markedly enlarged and grossly show innumerable cysts throughout the cortex and medulla
Polycyclic Kidney Disease
Bilateral flank masses during the neonatal period or early infancy
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Potter facies or oligohydramnios complex
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Most common serious bacterial infection in less than 2 yrs old who have fever without a focus
Pyelonephritis
Manifests with gross hematuria and dysuria; urgency, frequency, malodorous urine, incontinence and supra public pain
Cystitis
+ urine culture without manifestations of infection
Benign and does not cause renal injury except in pregnancy
Asymptomatic bacteriuria
+ UTI cultur shows?
> 100,000 colonies of a single pathogen or >10,000 and is symptomatic
Most common form of Nephrotic syndrome
Minimal change disease
Also known as: nil disease or lipoid nephrosis
T/F in nephrotic syndrome gross hematuria and hypertension in uncommon
TRUE
What vaccines are to be given to patients with NS
If - varicella titer, give vaccine in remission
Influenza vaccine given yearly
What is the major complication of NS?
Infection
Steroid resistant form of NS which has a poorer prognosis and may proceed to ESRD
Focal segmental glumerulonephritis
Heavy proteinuria(40mg/m2/her)
Hypoalbuminemia (less than 2.5 g/dL)
Edema
Hyperlipidemia
Nephrotic syndrome
