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Neonatology Flashcards

1
Q

APGAR Scoring system

A 
Activity
Pulse
Grimace
Appearance
Respirations

0-3: severely depressed
4-6: Moderately depressed
7-10: excellent condition

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2
Q

EINC Core Steps

A

Immediate and thorough drying
Early skin-to-skin contact
Properly Timed cord clamping
Non-separation of mother and baby

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3
Q

Drying should be the first action, IMMEDIATELY for 30 seconds unless

A

The infant is BOTH floppy/limp and apneic

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4
Q

Benefits of early skin to skin contact

A

BLEST

Breastfeeding success
Lymphoid tissue system stimulation
Exposure of o maternal skin flora
Sugar (protection from hypoglycemia)
Thermoregulation
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5
Q

How long should you delay cord clamping?

A

2-3 min after birth or until the cord has stopped pulsating

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6
Q

Clamp the cord without milking it __cm from the base and put the 2nd clamp __cm from the base and cut the cord

A

2cm and 5cm

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7
Q

Consequence of failure to give Vit K injection after birth

A

Vitamin K Hemorrhagic Disease of the newborn

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8
Q

Bathing of the baby should be delayed until ___ of life because this removes the vernix, thus exposing the child to hypothermia

A

6hrs

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9
Q

The umbilical stump usually falls after how many days?

A

10-14 days

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10
Q

What vaccines are given to a newborn with HepB + mothers?

A

BCG
Hep B Vaccine
HBIG within 12hrs of life

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11
Q

Newborn screening act

A

RA 9288

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12
Q

For term and healthy newborns, NBS is usually done

A

24-48 hours old

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13
Q

If blood was collected less than 24hrs

A

Repeat at 2 weeks old

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14
Q

For preterms ideal time for NBS should be at

A

5-7 days old

*Can be done until 1 month old for sick babies

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15
Q

NBS includes the following conditions:

A 
Congenital hypothyroidism
Congenital Adrenal hyperplasia
Galactosemia
G6PD deficiency
PKU
MSUD
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16
Q

Presents with hypothermia, sluggish, feeding diff with edema of the scrotum/genitals; prolonged physiologic jaundice (earliest possible physical sign)

A

Congenital hypothyroidism

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17
Q

21-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency

A

CAH

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18
Q

Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency

A

Galactosemia

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19
Q

Patients with galactosemia are at increased risk for

A

E.coli neonatal sepsis

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20
Q

Symptoms develop 1-2 days after exposure to a substance with oxidant properties

A

G6PD deficiency

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21
Q

Musty odor

A

PKU

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22
Q

Enzyme deficient in MSUD and what AA are to be avoided

A

A-ketoacid dehydrogenase

Valine, leucine, isoleucine (branched chain AA)

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23
Q

Skin lesion characterized as flat, blue gray with well defined margins usually on the sacral area

A

Mongolian spots

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24
Q

Small Papules or pustules on an erythematous base filled with eosinophils

A

Erythema toxicum

Benign, disappears in 2wks

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25
Small inclusion cyst, pearly white usually on the face
Milia
26
Lacy pattern on the skin similar to cobblestones
Cutis marmorata Vasomotor response to cold stress
27
When is capillary (strawberry) hemangiomas considered alarming?
When it bleeds
28
Subperiosteal bleed which does not cross the suture lines
Cephalhematoma Resolves in a few weeks
29
Swelling of the scalp which crosses the suture lines
Caput succedaneum Resolves in a few days
30
Birth injury usually associated with vacuum assisted delivery which cause collection of blood beneath the apomeurosis and occipitofrontalis muscle
Subgaleal hematoma
31
Primitive reflexes usually disappears until
4-6 months of life
32
Most commonly fractured bone during delivery Causing crepitus over the shoulder and asymmetric Moro reflex
Clavicle
33
Tearing, photophobia and cornea more than 1cm diameter
Congenital glaucoma
34
Webbing of the neck
Turner's syndrome
35
Head is turned toward and face turns away from the affected side
Congenital torticollis
36
Early signs of respiratory distress with scaphoid abdomen and in read chest wall diameter
Diaphragmatic hernia
37
Most common form of diaphragmatic hernia in NB where the usual affectation is the posterolateral portion of the diaphragm
Bochdalek form
38
Urethral opening on the dorsal penis
Epispadia
39
Urethral opening on the ventral surface of the penile shaft
Hypospadia
40
Accumulation of fluid in the tunica vaginalis and usually resolves within 12 months
Hydrocele | If more than 12months - elective surgery
41
Common form of inguinal hernia in children
Indirect inguinal hernia
42
If the testes has not descended by ____ it will remain undescended
4months
43
Undescended testes is treated surgically not later than ____
9-15 months
44
Due to deficiency or immaturity of surfactant
RDS
45
CXR: ground glass pattern, air bronchogram
RDS
46
"Bubbly lungs" or cystic lucencies, irregularly aerated lungs
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia Complication of RDS
47
Usually seen in term infants delivered by CS | CXR: overaeration and flat diaphragm
Transient Tachypnea of the newborn Resolves in 4-5 days
48
Most common cause of Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the NB
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
49
Coarse streaking granular pattern on both lungs, irregularly aerated lungs, flattened diaphragm, increased AP diameter
Meconium aspiration syndrome
50
Black lung
Idiopathic PPH of NB
51
Peumatosis intestinalis
NEC
52
Physiologic neonatal jaundice
After 48 hrs Resolves within 1wk (term) or 2wks (preterm) TB peaks at 14-15 mg/dL
53
Pathologic neonatal jaundice
1st 24hrs Persists beyond 1wk (term) or 2wks (preterm) TB >15 mg/L
54
Used to detect antibodies that are bound to the surface of RBCs
Direct Coomb's test
55
Detects antibodies against RBCs that are unbound to patient's serum
Indirect Coomb's test
56
Coomb's test positive
Rh/ABO incompatibility
57
Given to a mother immediately after delivery of the each Rh+ infant reduces Rh hemolytic disease
Anti-D gamma globulin (RhoGAM)
58
Sepsis which occurs from birth to 7th day of life
Early neonatal sepsis
59
Risk factors for neonatal sepsis
Maternal infection during pregnancy PROM (18hrs) Prematurity
60
Transplantal infections
``` TORCH Toxoplasmosis Others (Varicella, Parvo B19, syphilis) Rubella CMV HSV ```
61
Handling cat feces, presents with hydrocephalus
Toxoplasmosis
62
Blueberry muffin rash
Rubella
63
Most common congenital infection | Microcephaly
CMV
64
Hutchinson teeth, saddle nose
syphilis late stage (>2 yrs old)
65
Maculopapular rash where predilection is palms and soles
Syphilis early stage

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