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Pedia > Neonatology > Flashcards

Neonatology Flashcards

1
Q

APGAR Scoring system

A 
Activity
Pulse
Grimace
Appearance
Respirations

0-3: severely depressed
4-6: Moderately depressed
7-10: excellent condition

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2
Q

EINC Core Steps

A

Immediate and thorough drying
Early skin-to-skin contact
Properly Timed cord clamping
Non-separation of mother and baby

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3
Q

Drying should be the first action, IMMEDIATELY for 30 seconds unless

A

The infant is BOTH floppy/limp and apneic

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4
Q

Benefits of early skin to skin contact

A

BLEST

Breastfeeding success
Lymphoid tissue system stimulation
Exposure of o maternal skin flora
Sugar (protection from hypoglycemia)
Thermoregulation
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5
Q

How long should you delay cord clamping?

A

2-3 min after birth or until the cord has stopped pulsating

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6
Q

Clamp the cord without milking it __cm from the base and put the 2nd clamp __cm from the base and cut the cord

A

2cm and 5cm

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7
Q

Consequence of failure to give Vit K injection after birth

A

Vitamin K Hemorrhagic Disease of the newborn

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8
Q

Bathing of the baby should be delayed until ___ of life because this removes the vernix, thus exposing the child to hypothermia

A

6hrs

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9
Q

The umbilical stump usually falls after how many days?

A

10-14 days

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10
Q

What vaccines are given to a newborn with HepB + mothers?

A

BCG
Hep B Vaccine
HBIG within 12hrs of life

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11
Q

Newborn screening act

A

RA 9288

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12
Q

For term and healthy newborns, NBS is usually done

A

24-48 hours old

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13
Q

If blood was collected less than 24hrs

A

Repeat at 2 weeks old

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14
Q

For preterms ideal time for NBS should be at

A

5-7 days old

*Can be done until 1 month old for sick babies

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15
Q

NBS includes the following conditions:

A 
Congenital hypothyroidism
Congenital Adrenal hyperplasia
Galactosemia
G6PD deficiency
PKU
MSUD
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16
Q

Presents with hypothermia, sluggish, feeding diff with edema of the scrotum/genitals; prolonged physiologic jaundice (earliest possible physical sign)

A

Congenital hypothyroidism

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17
Q

21-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency

A

CAH

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18
Q

Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency

A

Galactosemia

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19
Q

Patients with galactosemia are at increased risk for

A

E.coli neonatal sepsis

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20
Q

Symptoms develop 1-2 days after exposure to a substance with oxidant properties

A

G6PD deficiency

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21
Q

Musty odor

A

PKU

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22
Q

Enzyme deficient in MSUD and what AA are to be avoided

A

A-ketoacid dehydrogenase

Valine, leucine, isoleucine (branched chain AA)

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23
Q

Skin lesion characterized as flat, blue gray with well defined margins usually on the sacral area

A

Mongolian spots

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24
Q

Small Papules or pustules on an erythematous base filled with eosinophils

A

Erythema toxicum

Benign, disappears in 2wks

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25
Q

Small inclusion cyst, pearly white usually on the face

A

Milia

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26
Q

Lacy pattern on the skin similar to cobblestones

A

Cutis marmorata

Vasomotor response to cold stress

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27
Q

When is capillary (strawberry) hemangiomas considered alarming?

A

When it bleeds

28
Q

Subperiosteal bleed which does not cross the suture lines

A

Cephalhematoma

Resolves in a few weeks

29
Q

Swelling of the scalp which crosses the suture lines

A

Caput succedaneum

Resolves in a few days

30
Q

Birth injury usually associated with vacuum assisted delivery which cause collection of blood beneath the apomeurosis and occipitofrontalis muscle

A

Subgaleal hematoma

31
Q

Primitive reflexes usually disappears until

A

4-6 months of life

32
Q

Most commonly fractured bone during delivery Causing crepitus over the shoulder and asymmetric Moro reflex

A

Clavicle

33
Q

Tearing, photophobia and cornea more than 1cm diameter

A

Congenital glaucoma

34
Q

Webbing of the neck

A

Turner’s syndrome

35
Q

Head is turned toward and face turns away from the affected side

A

Congenital torticollis

36
Q

Early signs of respiratory distress with scaphoid abdomen and in read chest wall diameter

A

Diaphragmatic hernia

37
Q

Most common form of diaphragmatic hernia in NB where the usual affectation is the posterolateral portion of the diaphragm

A

Bochdalek form

38
Q

Urethral opening on the dorsal penis

A

Epispadia

39
Q

Urethral opening on the ventral surface of the penile shaft

A

Hypospadia

40
Q

Accumulation of fluid in the tunica vaginalis and usually resolves within 12 months

A

Hydrocele

If more than 12months - elective surgery

41
Q

Common form of inguinal hernia in children

A

Indirect inguinal hernia

42
Q

If the testes has not descended by ____ it will remain undescended

A

4months

43
Q

Undescended testes is treated surgically not later than ____

A

9-15 months

44
Q

Due to deficiency or immaturity of surfactant

A

RDS

45
Q

CXR: ground glass pattern, air bronchogram

A

RDS

46
Q

“Bubbly lungs” or cystic lucencies, irregularly aerated lungs

A

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Complication of RDS

47
Q

Usually seen in term infants delivered by CS

CXR: overaeration and flat diaphragm

A

Transient Tachypnea of the newborn

Resolves in 4-5 days

48
Q

Most common cause of Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the NB

A

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

49
Q

Coarse streaking granular pattern on both lungs, irregularly aerated lungs, flattened diaphragm, increased AP diameter

A

Meconium aspiration syndrome

50
Q

Black lung

A

Idiopathic PPH of NB

51
Q

Peumatosis intestinalis

A

NEC

52
Q

Physiologic neonatal jaundice

A

After 48 hrs
Resolves within 1wk (term) or 2wks (preterm)
TB peaks at 14-15 mg/dL

53
Q

Pathologic neonatal jaundice

A

1st 24hrs
Persists beyond 1wk (term) or 2wks (preterm)
TB >15 mg/L

54
Q

Used to detect antibodies that are bound to the surface of RBCs

A

Direct Coomb’s test

55
Q

Detects antibodies against RBCs that are unbound to patient’s serum

A

Indirect Coomb’s test

56
Q

Coomb’s test positive

A

Rh/ABO incompatibility

57
Q

Given to a mother immediately after delivery of the each Rh+ infant reduces Rh hemolytic disease

A

Anti-D gamma globulin (RhoGAM)

58
Q

Sepsis which occurs from birth to 7th day of life

A

Early neonatal sepsis

59
Q

Risk factors for neonatal sepsis

A

Maternal infection during pregnancy
PROM (18hrs)
Prematurity

60
Q

Transplantal infections

A 
TORCH
Toxoplasmosis
Others (Varicella, Parvo B19, syphilis)
Rubella 
CMV
HSV
61
Q

Handling cat feces, presents with hydrocephalus

A

Toxoplasmosis

62
Q

Blueberry muffin rash

A

Rubella

63
Q

Most common congenital infection

Microcephaly

A

CMV

64
Q

Hutchinson teeth, saddle nose

A

syphilis late stage (>2 yrs old)

65
Q

Maculopapular rash where predilection is palms and soles

A

Syphilis early stage

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