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Pedia > Gastrointestinal Disorders > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Frothing and bubbling at the mouth and nose, cough, cyanosis, respiratory distress
Feeding exacerbates the symptoms
Inability to pass an NGT or OGT in a newborn is suggestive of the dx

A

Tracheoesophageal atresia

Type A-most common

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2
Q

Gold standard in diagnosing GERD

A

Esophageal pH monitoring

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3
Q

Indications for Endoscopy in FB ingestion

A

Sharp objects, disc button batteries, or FBs with respiratory symptoms

Failure to visualize the object+symptoms

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4
Q

Most common cause of nonbillous vomiting

A

Pyloric stenosis

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5
Q

Firm, movable, olive shaped mass on the abdomen; visible peristaltic wave after feeding

A

Pyloric stenosis

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6
Q

Confirmatory test for Pyloric stenosis

A

Ultrasound: pyloric thickness >4mm or length >14mm

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7
Q

Shoulder sign

A

Pyloric stenosis

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8
Q

Double tract sign

A

Pyloric stenosis

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9
Q

Triad:
Sudden onset of severe epigastric pain
Inability to pass a tube into the stomach
Retching with emesis

A

Volvulus

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10
Q

Seen in barium enema as it encounters the volvulated loop

A

Bird’s beak sign

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11
Q

X-Ray finding showing distended sigmoid loop

A

Inverted U sign

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12
Q

X-ray finding showing a midline crease corresponding to messenteric root in greatly distended sigmoid

A

Coffee bean sign

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13
Q

Bilous vomiting without abdominal distention

A

Duodenal atresia

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14
Q

X-Ray: double-bubble sign

A

Duodenal atresia

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15
Q

Corkscrew sign

A

Malrotation

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16
Q

Meckel diverticulum’s rule of 2

A 
2% of the population
2 inches long
2 feet from the ileocecal valve
2/3 have ectopic mucosa 
2% become symptomatic
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17
Q

Presents with painless rectal bleeding and brick colored stool

A

Meckel diverticulum

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18
Q

Remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct

A

Mickel diverticulum

19
Q

Presents with chronic constipation wither rum usually empty of feces on exam and with normal anal sphincter tone

A

Hirschprung disease

20
Q

Hirschsprung disease

A

Absence of Meissner and Aurbach plexus

Aganglionic segment limited to rectosigmoid (80%)

21
Q

Pellet-like or ribbon like stool

A

Hirschsprung disease

22
Q

Currarino triad

A

Anorectal malformation
Sacral bone anomalies
Presacral masses

23
Q

Gold standard for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease

A

Rectal suction biopsy

24
Q

Management of Hirschsprung disease

A

Temporary colostomy and wait until infant is 6-12 months old to perform definitive procedure.

(Swenson, Duhamel, Boley)

25
Q

Presents with severe paroxysmal colicky pain at frequent intervals with straining efforts. Currant jelly stools. Slightly tender sausage shaped mass in the RUQ

A

Intussusception

26
Q

Barium enema: coiled-spring sign

A

Intussusception

27
Q

Treatment of PUD

A

PPI + Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin or Metronidazole

28
Q

Chronic or persistent diarrhea is

A

> 14 days duration

29
Q

Lactose intolerance is what type of diarrhea

A

Osmotic diarrhea

30
Q

Classic ex. Cholera which increase cAMP and cGMP

A

Secretory diarrhea

31
Q

Wt loss in Some Dehydration

32
Q

Composition of Reduced osmolarity ORS (mEq/L)

A 
Glucose     75
Sodium      75
Chloride    65
Potassium 20
Citrate        10
Osmolarity 245
33
Q

Vomiting/diarrhea occurring in

A

Food poisoning

34
Q

Vomiting/diarrhea occurring in 1-6hrs

A

Staphylococcus aureus

35
Q

Watery diarrhea, abd cramps in 8-72hrs

A

Salmonella

36
Q

Bloody diarrhea >15hrs

37
Q

superficial edema and bruising in the subcutaneous fatty tissue around the umbilicus

A

Cullen’s sign

38
Q

Bluish bruising of the flanks and is a sign of retroperitoneal hemorrhage

A

Grey Turner sign

39
Q

Active viral replication, increased risk of transmitting HBV

40
Q

First serologic marker to appear & it’s rise coincides with the onset of symptoms. Antigen used in hep B vaccine

41
Q

Iden of people who have resolved infections with HBV; determination of immunity after immunization

42
Q

Idem of infected people with lower risk of transmitting HBV

43
Q

Rises in level during the core window period

A

IgM anti-HBc

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