Nephrology

Question 1

Type 1 RTA (distal)

Answer 1

Diminished acid secretion in distal tubule
Urine pH >6.5
Potassium low normal
Hypercalciuria present

Question 2

Type 2 RTA (proximal)

Answer 2

Diminished bicarb resorption
Urine pH <6.5
Potassium low normal
No hypercalciuria

Question 3

Type 4 RTA

Answer 3

Aldosterone deficiency or resistance
Urine pH <6.5
Potassium high
No hypercalciuria

Question 4

What happens if ureteric bud does not form

Answer 4

Renal agenesis

Question 5

Pronephros

Answer 5

Disappears by fourth week of gestation

Question 6

Mesonephros

Answer 6

Forms ureteric bud, absorbed into urogential sinus (testosterone)

Question 7

Metanephros

Answer 7

Definitive kidney appears at fifth week of gestation

Question 8

Most common congenital condition on prenatal Ultrasound?

Answer 8

Hydronephrosis

Question 9

Most common cause of congenital Hydronephrosis?

Answer 9

Transient followed by UPJ obstruction

Question 10

Triad of renal vein thrombosis

Answer 10

Flank mass
Hematuria
Thrombocytopenia

Question 11

Site of action of acetazolamide

Answer 11

Proximal tubule

Question 12

Site of action of loop diuretics

Answer 12

Thick ascending limb of loop of Henle

Question 13

Site of action of thiazide diuretics

Answer 13

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 14

Site of action of spironolactone

Answer 14

Distal tubule

Question 15

Which RTA has nephrocalcinosis?

Answer 15

Type one (stONEs in type ONE)

Question 16

Total number of glomeruli at term

Answer 16

1 million

Question 17

Indications for dialysis

Answer 17

AEIOU
Acidosis
Electrolyte abnormalities
Ingestions
Overload of fluid
Uremia