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Neo Board Review MAP > Formulas > Flashcards

Formulas Flashcards

1
Q

Ponderal index

A

PI = [weight(g) x 100] / [crown-heel length(cm)]^3

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2
Q

Laplace‘s law

A

P = (2T)/R
P: Pressure
T: Surface tension
R: Alveolar radius

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3
Q

Anatomic dead space calculation

A

Vda = [(end tidal CO2 - expired CO2) / end tidal CO2] x tidal volume
Uses Bohr equation

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4
Q

Physiologic dead space calculation

A

Vdps = [(PaCO2 - expired CO2) / PaCO2] x tidal volume

Uses Bohr equation

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5
Q

Ohm’s Law

A 
R = change in P/change in flow
R = P / Q
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6
Q

Reynolds number

A

R = (length x viscosity) / (radius)^4 = airway resistance
Low R a/w laminar flow
High R a/w turbulent flow

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7
Q

Lung compliance

A 
CL = change in volume / change in pressure
CL = V/P

A measure of elasticity or distensibility
Static compliance: Measured during no gas flow, reflects the elastic properties of the lung
Dynamic compliance: Measured during continuous breathing, reflects elastic as well as resistive components

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8
Q

Lung elastance

A

E = 1/C

1/compliance

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9
Q

Time constant

A

TimeC = Resistance x Compliance
TC = R x CL
Time needed to deflate 63% of volume in lungs

Increased resistance = more Time constants needed
Low in acute RDS
Bigger animals need longer time constants; smaller animals need shorter time constants
3X time constants to equilibrate 95%

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10
Q

FRC by helium dilution

A

Initial [He] x V1 = End [He] x (V1 + V2)

V2 = FRC

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11
Q

Shunt equation

A

Qp/Qs = (Ao O2 sat - MV O2 sat) / (PV O2 sat - PA O2 sat)

Ao = aorta
MV = mixed venous (SVC)
PV = pulm vein
PA = pulm art
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12
Q

Oxygenation index

A

OI = [(MAP x FiO2) / PaO2] x 100

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13
Q

Alveolar arterial gradient of oxygen

A 
A-a gradient
= [FiO2 (Patm - Ph20)] - (paCO2/0.8) - (paO2)
Patm: atmospheric pressure, usully 760
PH2O: 47 mmHg
0.8: respiratory quotient
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14
Q

Altitude comparison

A

(Patm1 - 47) x FiO2(1) = (Patm2 - 47) x FiO2(2)

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15
Q

Oxygen carrying capacity

A

CaO2 = [Hb x 1.34 x O2sat] + [0.003xPaO2]
Can leave off the PaO2 because so low

In fetus, hb x 1.37 x O2sat

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16
Q

Fick’s principal

A

Measures O2 consumption (VO2)
VO2 = CO (dL/min) x (CaO2 - CvO2)
CO = cardiac output = HR x SV
VO2 = CO x (1.34 x hb x [art sat - ven sat])

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17
Q

Henderson Hasselbach equation

A

Hydrogen ion conc = (24 x pCO2) / bicarb conc

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18
Q

Mean airway pressure

A

MAP = k(PIP-PEP) x [IT/(IT+ET)] + PEEP

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19
Q

Cardiac output

A 
CO = HR x SV
CO = systolic BP / total pulm vasc resist (Flow(Q) = P / R)
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20
Q

Pulmonary vascular resistance

A 
PVR = (mean PA pres - mean LA pres) / Qp
Qp = pulm blood flow
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21
Q

Systemic vascular resistance

A 
SVR = (mean A pres - mean RA pres) / Qs
Qs = systemic blood flow
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22
Q

Shunt equation

A 
Qp/Qs = pulm BF/system BF 
Qp/Qs = (Ao O2 sat - MV O2 sat) / (PV O2 sat - PA O2 sat)
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23
Q

Cerebral blood flow

A 
CBF = CPP/CVR 
(Q = P/R)
CPP = Mean art BP - ICP

OR… CBF = (MAP-JVP)/CVR

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24
Q

Plasma osmolality

A

Posm = (2xNa) + (BUN/2.8) + (Gluc/18)

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25
Q

Sodium deficit

A

Na def = (Na desired - Na curr) x 0.6 x wt

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26
Q

Anion gap

A

Na - Cl + HCO3

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27
Q

Fractional excretion of sodium

A

FeNa = [(Una x PCr) / (UCr x PNa)] x 100
<1% normal
1-2.5% pre-renal
>3% intrinsic renal failure

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28
Q

Tubular reabsorption of phosphate

A

TRP = 1 - [(Uphos x PCr) / (UCr x Pphos)] x100

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29
Q

Estimated GFR

A

GFR = (0.45 x length(cm)) / plasma Cr

0.33 for preterm infants instead of 0.45

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30
Q

Renal clearance

A

Renal CL (mL/min) = (U x V) / P

= (Ucr x volume) / Pcr

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31
Q

Exchange equations

A

Polycythemia
Blood vol exchanged = Blood vol x [(Hct obs - Hct desired) / Hct obs]

Blood V = wt x 80-100 mL/kg

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32
Q

Volume of distribution

A

Vd = total amnt drug in body / (plasma drug conc x weight)

33
Q

Loading dose

A

Ld = (Vdxpeak concentration)/(SxF)

If S (drug active or salt form) and F (drug bioavailable) are not given assume them to be one

34
Q

Drug clearance

A

Clearance = Kd x Vd = (dose/interval) / avg steady state conc

Kd = elim rate constant 
Kd = clearance / Vd
35
Q

Steady state of drug

A

Steady state = infusion rate / (Vd x Kd)

Or = infusion rate / Drug clearance

36
Q

Boyles law

A

P1 x V1 = P2 x V2

The pressure of a gas decreases as the volume that it is contained in increases
Pressure is inversely proportional to volume

37
Q

Dead space calculation

A

Vd / Vt = (PaCO2 - PeCO2) / PaCO2

38
Q

Ventilation/perfusion equation

A

V/Q = 0
Mucus plug, trapped air = underventilated alveoli
Perfusion but no ventilation

V/Q = 1
Normal

V/Q = infinity
No blood flow
Ventilation but no perfusion

39
Q

Poiseuille Equation for laminar flow

A

R = (8nL)/[pi(r^4)]

40
Q

Fick’s equation of diffusion

A

dQ/dt = k x A x dC/dl

dQ/dt is rate of diffusion (mL/min)
k is diffusion coefficient
A is area available for diffusion
dC is molecule concentration difference across membrane
dl Is length of the diffusion pathway
41
Q

Stroke volume

A

SV = EDV - ESV

42
Q

How many kcal/g in carbohydrates?

A

3.4 kcal/g

43
Q

How many kcal/g in protein?

A

4 kcal/g

44
Q

How many kcal/g in lipids?

A

9 kcal/g

45
Q

Amount of RhoGAM to give mother

A

# vials = volume fetal blood (mL) / 30 mL

Round to closest whole number and add one vial

46
Q

Amount of fetal/maternal hemorrhage

A

Fetal blood (mL) = % fetal blood cells x 5000 mL

47
Q

Saturation level for cyanosis (calculation)

A

O2 sat = HgbO2/(HgbO2+reduced Hgb)

Reduced Hgb is HgbO2 - 3 to 5

48
Q

GIR

A

(% dextrose x rate IVF mL/kg/day) / 144

49
Q

Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium

A

P^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
P - Population of dominant allele
Q - population of recessive allele

50
Q

Minute ventilation

A

TV x RR

51
Q

Oxygen delivery

A

= CO x (1.34 x Hgb x O2 sat)

52
Q

Elimination half-life

A

T1/2 = (0.693 x Vd) / clearance

53
Q

Attributable risk

A

[a/(a+b)] - [c/(c+d)]

54
Q

Attributable risk %

A

(Attributable risk (AR) / [a/(a+b)] ) x 100

55
Q

False negative (FN)

A

1 - Sensitivity

56
Q

False positive (FP)

A

1 - Specificity

57
Q

Cumulative Incidence

A

# New cases in a given time period / Total population at risk

58
Q

Incidence rate

A

New cases in a given time period / Person-time years of observation

59
Q

Likelihood ratios (LR)

A

LR + test = sensitivity/(1-specificity)

LR - test = (1-sensitivity)/specificity

60
Q

Fetal mortality rate

A

Fetal deaths/ (Live births+fetal deaths) x 1000

61
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

Infant deaths / live births x 1000

62
Q

Neonatal mortality rate

A

Neonatal deaths <28 days / live births

X1000

63
Q

Perinatal mortality rate

A

(Fetal deaths >28 wks + neonatal deaths <7 days) / (Live births + fetal deaths >28 weeks gestation)
X1000

64
Q

Negative predictive value (NPV)

A

D/(c+d)

TN / TN + FN

65
Q

Number needed to treat (NNT)

A

1 / [(c/c+d) - (a/a+b)]
C/C+D is events in control group
A/A+B is events in treated group

1/ARR

66
Q

Odds ratio (OR)

A

AxD/BxC

67
Q

Positive predictive value (PPV)

A

TP / TP + FP

68
Q

Power

A

1 - type 2 error

69
Q

Prevalence

A 
# New cases at a point in time / total population at risk 
X1000
70
Q

Sensitivity

A

TP/TP+FN

A/A+C

71
Q

Specificity

A

TN/TN+FP

D/B+D

72
Q

Relative risk (RR)

A

(A/A+B) / (C/C+D)

73
Q

Relative risk reduction (RRR)

A

1- RR

74
Q

Absolute risk reduction (ARR)

A

(C/C+D) - (A/A+B)

75
Q

Intervention Odds

A

A/B

Odds of adverse outcome in the intervention group

76
Q

Control odds

A

C/D

Odds of adverse outcome in control group

77
Q

Absolute neutrophil count (ANC)

A

[(%PMN + %bands) x total WBC] / 100

78
Q

I/T ratio

A

(bands+metamyelo+myelo) / (PMNs+bands+metamyelo+myelo)

All %

79
Q

Sample size calculation

A

N = [2(Za+Z1-b)^2x(SD)^2] / d^2

Za = constant based on alpha error and 1vs2-sided; for 5% 2-sided it is 1.96
Z1-b = constant based on power; for 80% power it is 0.84
SD= estimated standard deviation
d = delta or the difference in effect size

Neo Board Review MAP (18 decks)

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