Nephrology

Question 1

How to diagnose acute tubular necrosis?

Answer 1

high urinary sodium and brown granular casts. dehydration difficult to resolve

Question 2

Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease / Goodpasture’s disease classical presentation:

Answer 2

pulmonary haemorrhage (haemoptysis) and AKI / proteinuria / haematuria

Question 3

investigations for anti-GBM disease?

Answer 3

renal biopsy (IgG deposits), raised transfer factor secondary to pulmonary haemorrhage

Question 4

First line for co-existent hypertension and CKD?

Answer 4

ACEi

Question 5

How to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy?

Answer 5

volume expansion with IV 0.9% sodium chloride pre- and post- procedure

Question 6

How to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy?

Answer 6

volume expansion with IV 0.9% sodium chloride pre- and post- procedure

Question 7

Acute interstitial nephritis presentation

Answer 7

‘allergic’ type picture - raised urinary WCC, IgE, raised eosinophils and impaired renal function

Question 8

Two drugs known to cause drug induced acute interstitial nephritis?

Answer 8

Amoxicillin

Allopurinol