Haematology and Immunology Flashcards
What kind of anaemia does sickle cell cause?
normocytic anaemia with raised reticulocytes
Antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy: treatment
aspirin and LMWH (enoxaparin)
Antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy: treatment
aspirin and LMWH (enoxaparin)
What tumour has a ‘starry sky’ appearence?
Burkitt’s Lymphoma
Blood film: hyposplenism e.g. coeliac disease
target cells, howell-joly bodies, pappenheimer bodies, siderotic granules, acanthocytes
Blood film: IDA
target cells, pencil poikilocytes
What does sudden anaemia and low reticulocyte count indicate?
Parvovirus
Why are irradiated blood products used?
to avoid transfusion associated graft vs host disease
What anaemia is associated with beta-thalassaemia trait?
mild hypochromic, microcytic anaemia with raised bilirubin and raised reticulocytes
What two conditions show spherocytes on blood film?
Hereditary spherocytosis and autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
What does the direct coombs test test for?
autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
What does indirect Coombs test test for?
Rhesus haemolytic disease of the newborn
Immediate management of DIC?
4 units FFP and 10 units cryoprecipitate
Which factor deficiencies are haemophilia A and haemophilia B linked to?
Haemophilia A - factor VIII
Haemophilia B - factor IX
Features of haemophilia:
haemoarthroses, haematomas
prolonged bleeding after surgery / trauma
prolonged APTT
bleeding time, thrombin time, prothrombin time normal
Mechanism of action of dabigatran?
Direct thrombin inhibitor
Most common form of lymphoma in UK?
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Most common form of lymphoma in UK?
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Most common form of lymphoma in UK?
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Which type of lymphoma typically affects young or immunocompromised patients?
Burkitt’s lymphoma
What is the philadelphia chromosome?
Translocation between long arm of chromosome 9 and 22 - BCR-ABL gene [CML]
Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia management:
imantinib (inhibits tyrosine kinase)
hydroxyurea
interferon-alpha
allogenic bone marrow transplant
Typical blood picture for DIC:
reduced platelets, reduced fibrinogen, increased PT / APTT and increased fibrinogen degradation products
treatment for immune thrombocytopenic purpura
oral prednisolone (first line)
pooled normal human immunoglobulin (IVIG)
splenectomy
treatment for immune thrombocytopenic purpura
oral prednisolone (first line)
pooled normal human immunoglobulin (IVIG)
splenectomy
