Endocrinology

Question 1

Features of primary hyperaldosteronism?

Answer 1

Hypertension
Hypokalaemia [muscle weakness]
Alkalosis

Question 2

First line investigation in primary hyperaldosteronism?

Answer 2

Plasma aldosterone / renin ratio

Question 3

First line investigation in primary hyperaldosteronism?

Answer 3

Plasma aldosterone / renin ratio

Question 4

Biguanide mechanism of action?

Answer 4

decrease gluconeogenesis in liver an increase insulin sensitivity

Question 5

Sulfonylureas mechanism of action?

Answer 5

increase insulin release from beta cells in pancreas

Question 5

Sulfonylureas mechanism of action?

Answer 5

increase insulin release from beta cells in pancreas

Question 6

Investigations for acromegaly?

Answer 6

Serum IGF-1 levels is first line and then oral glucose tolerance test with serial GH measurements is required to confirm diagnosis

Question 7

Metabolic picture in Cushing’s syndrome?

Answer 7

hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis

Question 8

Features of addisonian crisis:

Answer 8

hyponatraemia
hyperkalaemia
hypoglycaemia

Question 9

What cancer is associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?

Answer 9

MALT lymphoma

Question 10

Metabolic picture in Addison’s disease?

Answer 10

hyperkalaemic, hyponatraemic, hypoglycaemic, metabolic acidosis

Question 11

Management of prolactinomas?

Answer 11

First line: dopamine agonists e.g. cabergoline (first line) / bromocriptine (second line)
Trans-sphenoidal surgery if 1st line doesn’t work