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Pathology > Neoplasm I > Flashcards

Neoplasm I Flashcards

1
Q

What is the medical term for “new growth”?

A

Neoplasia

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2
Q

What is the difference between neoplasia and neoplasm?

A

Neoplasm is the growth itself

Neoplasia is the disorder of abnormal cell growth

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3
Q

What is oncology?

A

The study of tumors

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4
Q

What are 3 characteristics of benign tumors?

A

Localized
Patient often survives
Name often ends in “oma”

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5
Q

What are two major characteristics of malignant neoplasms?

A

Aggressive, invasion of other tissues

Capacity for spread/metastisis

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6
Q

What are the two basic components of all tumors? What are each composed of?

A 
Clonal expansion (of neoplastic cells)
Ractive stroma - composed of blood vessels, cells of innate/acquired immunity, CT
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7
Q

What is it called when there is an abundance of CT in a tumor? What is one physical characteristic of these tumors?

A

Desmoplasia

They are rock hard

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8
Q

Which tumors are epithelial tumors arising in glands?

A

Adenomas

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9
Q

When an adenoma produces large cystic masses, what is it called? Where is it common?

A

Cystadeomas

Common in ovary

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10
Q

What do papillomas arise from? What is unique about their appearance under a microscope?

A

Epithelial tissue

Finger-like projections

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11
Q

What differs polyps from papillomas?

A

The tumor projects above the mucosa

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12
Q

Where do carcinomas originate?

A

Epithelia

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13
Q

Where do sarcomas originate?

A

Mesenchymal cell origin

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14
Q

What are two general types of carcinomas? What is a microscopic characteristic of each?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma - resemble stratified squamous epithelium
Adenocarcinoma - glandular growth patterns

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15
Q

What is a mixed tumor? What does it originate from and differentiate into?

A

Close of single germ cell layer

Differentiates into more than one cell type

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16
Q

What do teratomas arise from? What are they representative of?

A

Totipotential germ cells

Represent more than one germ layer

17
Q

What is the difference between a choristoma and a hamartoma?

A

Choristoma - normal cells, abnormal location

Hamartoma - abnormal cells, normal location

18
Q

What is dysplasia? What are 4 hallmark features?

A 
Abnormal tissue organization of pre-malignant conditions
Loss of uniformity of cells
Dark nuclei
Abundant mitoses, but normal morphology
Basement membrane still intact
19
Q

What is the term for “lack of differentiation in malignant tumors?”

A

Anaplasia

20
Q

What is proliferation of tumors independent of?

A

Growth signals

21
Q

Which type of tumor can hormones influence?

A

Benign tumors

22
Q

What are 3 factors that determine the growth rate of a tumor?

A

Doubling time
% of cells multiplying
Rate of apoptosis

23
Q

Which tumors tend to be well circumscribed? Which are not? What is different about carcinoma in situ?

A

Benign
Malignant
Epithelial features of malignancy without invasion or metastatic potential

24
Q

What is the most unequivocal marker of malignancy?

A

Metastisis

25
Q

What are three routes of metastisis?

A

Seeding of body cavities/surfaces
Lymphatic spread
Hematogenous spread in vascular canals (tumor emboli)

26
Q

What are six features that are the basis of grading a neoplasm?

A 
Pleomorphism (variation in size/shape/nuclei)
Nuclear morphology
Mitotic rate/atypical mitoses
Architectural disorder
Tumor giant cells
Necrosis
27
Q

What is the term for “extent of a tumor?” What 3 characteristics is it based on?

A

Stage
T - Size of tumor
M - # of lymph nodes involved
N - Present/absence of metastases

28
Q

What is cachexia?

A

Wasting. Loss of body fat, lean body mass, and profound weakness

29
Q

What are paraneoplastic syndromes? Why are they important?

A

Symptom complex that cannot be explained by mechanics of tumor or tissue
Often represent early manifestation, can cause lethal effects, may mimic metastic disease and confound diagnosis

Pathology (8 decks)

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