Inflammation Flashcards
What are the four cardinal signs of inflammation?
Redness
Swelling (Tumor)
Heat (Calor)
Pair (Dolor)
What are three major components of acute inflammation?
Dilation of small blood vessels
Increased permeability of microvasculature
Emigration of leukocytes out to injury site
What induces vasodialtion?
Histamine
What is the difference between exudates and transudates?
Exudate - fluid and protein accumulation/leakage
Transudate - just fluid accumulation/leakage
What is chemotaxis?
Locomoton along chemical gradient
What are 3 endogenous chemotaxins?
IL-8, Complement (C5a), and Arachadonic acid metabolites
What are differences between acute and chronic inflammation?
Acute/early - neutrophils
Chronic/later - macrophages
What are the two major cytokines involved in inflammation?
TNF alpha
IL-1
What are 4 morphological patterns of inflammation?
Serous
Fibrous
Suppurative
Ulceration
What type of inflammation is granulomatous? What are two major types of granulomatous inflammation?
Chronic
Foreign bodies and Immune
What are 3 types of necrotizing/caseating ganulomas?
Tuberculosis
Fungus
Cat Scratch
What are two types of non-necrotizing (non-caseating) granulomas?
Foreign body
Sarcoidosis
What is a major histological difference between caseating and non-caseating granulomas?
Caseating - dead/no nuclei
Non-caseating – multinucleated cells, not dead in center
