Hemodynamics and Thrombosis

Question 1

What are two ways to cause increased interstitial fluid?

Answer 1

Increased capillary pressure

Diminished colloid osmotic pressure

Question 2

What is the difference between hyperemia and congestion?

Answer 2

Hyperemia - increased blood flow to tissue causing engorgement with oxygenated blood
Congestion - reduced outflow, tissue filled with deoxygenated blood…dusky reddish-blue tissue

Question 3

What are 4 types/patterns of hemmorage?

Answer 3

Hematoma
Petchiae (1-2mm)
Purpura (> 3mm)
Large accumulation in body cavity

Question 4

What is the term for pathologic compression of an organ? Ex. heart failure due to increased fluid volume in pericardium

Answer 4

Tamponade

Question 5

What is hemostasis? What happens first? Then, what are the three major stages?

Answer 5

Hemostasis - how blood clots
Arteriolar vasoconstriction
Primary Hemostasis - platelet plug
Secondary - clotting cascade
Tertiary - Tissue plasminogen activator/fibrinolysis

Question 6

What are the factors involved in the common pathway? Intrinsic?

Answer 6

Common - 1,2,5,10

Intrinsic - 8,9,11,12

Question 7

What is DIC? What is it caused by? What do patients end up dying from?

Answer 7

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Excessive activation of coagulation, forming thrombi in microvasculature
Patients die from a bleed somewhere else as result of inability to clt due to all factors being used up

Question 8

What is fibrinolysis? What is its main purpose? What creates it?

Answer 8

Breaks down fibrin
Limits extent of clot
Plasminogen activators (tPA) cleave plasminogen

Question 9

What are lines of Zahn? What are they used to distinguish?

Answer 9

Alternating layers of red blood cells and pale platelet/fibrin deposits
Used to distinguish if clot was ante-mortem or post-mortem