Neoplasm Flashcards
What does an hCG-secreting germ cell tumor of testis do?
Decreases testosterone production in Leydig cells
Increases aromatase activity
Estrogen/androgen ratio increases
What labs make you think tumor lysis syndrome?
Hyperkalemia
Hyperphosphatemia (–> calcium-phosphate stones in renal tubules)
Hyperuricemia (–> uric acid stones in renal tubules)
LDH elevation
AKI (with acidosis)
What is the median age of neuroblastoma?
<2 yo
What cancer has periorbital ecchymoses?
Neuroblastoma (involves adrenal medulla, sympathetic chain)
What cancer has epidural invasion (“dumbbell tumor”)?
Neuroblastoma (also has opsoclonus (rapid eye movements)-myoclonus syndrome)
Neuroblastoma diagnosis
Elevated catecholamine metabolites
Small, round blue cells on histology
N-myc gene amplification
What cancer may be predisposed to spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome without chemotherapy?
AML and other hematologic malignancies
What is typical age range of Hodgkin lymphoma?
15-19 yo
What is typical demographic of childhood ALL?
Boys age 2-5
Osteochondroma lesions
Sessile/pedunculated bone spurs with cartilaginous cap
Metaphysis pointing away from epiphysis
Observation alone
Ewing vs osteosarcoma
Ewing: periosteal onion-skin layering
Osteosarcoma: sunburst pattern and Codman triangle
Epihyseal bone tumor, radiolucent on x-ray
Chondroblastoma
Epihyseal soap bubble tumor
Giant cell tumor
Intramedullary expanding tumor causing cortical thinning and bone weakening
Unicameral bone cyst (benign)
Certain malignancies
Small, round lucency and sclerotic margin
Night bone pain
Osteoid osteoma - spontaneously involutes
